Term
| When should secondary hypertension be suspected |
|
Definition
Child
Young, non-obese, Non-black, W/o family history
Adult above 50 with Sudden onset
Malignant HPTN
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Term
| More common causes of secondary hypertension |
|
Definition
Obesity
Kidney Disease
Sleep Apnea
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypothyroid
Hyperparathyroid
Pheochromocytoma
Coarctation
Drugs
High Renin States
Cushings |
|
|
Term
| How does Glomerulonephritis lead to hypertension |
|
Definition
| Increased Absorption in the Collecting Tubules |
|
|
Term
| How does Renal vasculitis lead to Hypertension |
|
Definition
| Renal ischemia ativate the Renin-Angiotensin System |
|
|
Term
| How does chronic kidney disease lead to hypertension |
|
Definition
Sodium Retention
Enhanced Sympathetics
Scarring-> RAAS
EPO Supplementation
2ndary Hyperparathyroidism
Decreased NO in Uremia |
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|
Term
| What is the treatment for Hypertension secondary to Renal Disease? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why is ACE-I or ARB treatment in stage 4 or 5 renal failure problematic |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What disease's can cause increased ENaC activity leading to Hypertension |
|
Definition
Primary Aldosteronism
Liddle's Sydrome |
|
|
Term
| Why is there no edema in Primary Hyperaldosteronism? |
|
Definition
| More Na is lost at the PCT |
|
|
Term
| Signs and treatment of primary Aldosteronemia |
|
Definition
Hypokalemia
Hypertension
High Urinary Potassium
Treatment: Spironolactone, Elperenone
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|
|
Term
| How do you detect, diagnose, and treat Pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
Detection: Palpitations, HPTN, Orthostasis
Diagnosis: High Metanephrine Levels
Treatment: Surgery, Alpha and Beta block |
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|
Term
| How would you detect, diagnose and treat Renovascular HPTN |
|
Definition
Abdominal Bruit
Diagnosis: Arteriogram
Suggestive Evidence: Renal Vein Renin
Renogram with Captopril
Unilateral small kidney
Treatment: ACE/ARB, Correct the stenosis
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Term
| How would you clinically differentiate primary versus secondary Hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
Primary: HPTN, Hypokalemia, No Edema, Low Renin
Secondary: HPTN, Hypokalemia, Edema, High Renin |
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