Term
| Increased pressure, increased urine output is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure Natriuresis is... |
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Definition
| increased pressure, increases Na loss |
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Term
| Point at which output of water and salt equals intake of water and salt is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Return of _______ pressure back to the equilibrium point for control of BP by the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Increased volume causes output to exceed intake so...
(four things) |
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Definition
Body loses fluid
Blood volume decreases
Arterial pressure decreases
Equilibrium point reached again |
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Term
| Two Determinants of long term pressure level |
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Definition
1. Degree of shift of the renal output curve for salt and water along the pressure axis.
2. Level of water and salt intake.
**Long term pressure changes cannot occure without one or both factors changing** |
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Term
| Increased ____ cannont sustain long term elevation of BP if ______ intake and renal function do not change. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure elevation maintained only if _______ resistance _______. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Water is excreted as slow as it is put in?? |
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Definition
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Term
Salt indirectly increases ECF through 2 mechanisms?? |
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Definition
1. increased serum osmolarity stimulates thirst center.
2. Increased serum osmolarity---> ADH secretion. |
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Term
Direct effects of angiotensin II on kidneys...
(3 things) |
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Definition
1. Constrict renal arterioles (efferent)
2. Decreased renal blood flow and decrease GFR--> increased absorption of fluid
3. increase tubular reabsorption of Na and water |
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Term
Indirect effects of angiotensin II on kidneys...
(one) |
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Definition
| Increased aldosterone secretion--> increased Na and water reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
1. Increased ECF volume
2. Primary aldosteronism
3. Renin secreting tumor
4. Renal artery stenosis
5. Coarctation
6. Essential HTN |
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Term
HTN d/t ECF...
pressure will be?? |
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Definition
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Term
Lethal effects of HTN...
(three) |
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Definition
1. Excess work load on heart (CHF)
2. High pressure --> rupture of cerebral vessels (stroke)
3. High pressure --> kidney hemorrhages --> cell destruction (kidney failure) |
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Term
| 3 ways primary aldosteronism gives you HTN... |
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Definition
1. Tumor in adrenal cortex
2. increased rate of salt and water retention by kidney
3. Loss of K d/t Na K antiport |
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Term
What is the treatment for renin secreting tumor?
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Definition
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Term
Normal stimulus for aldosterone secretion...
(four) |
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Definition
HyperK
Angiotensin II
HypoNa
ACTH |
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Term
| Why do both kidneys retain NaCl and water with renal stenosis?? |
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Definition
| D/T increased renin release from kidney with decreased blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction of aorta between take-off for left subclavian and fossa ovale |
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Term
In coarctation....
(Increased/Decreased) BP above constriction (Increased/Decreased) below constriction --> ______activity |
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Definition
Increased
Decreased
RAS (renin angiotensin sympathetic activity) |
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Term
Coarctation...
blood flow to both areas is normal d/t what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essential hypertension are what % of all cases |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for essential hypertension is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 characteristics of Essential HTN... |
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Definition
1. MAP increased 40 - 60%
2. RBF decreased to 1/2 normal in later stages
3. CO initially elevated but later near normal
4. Increaced levels of angiontension 2 and aldosterone d/t increase sympathetic activity
5. SVR elevated |
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Term
| Treatment for Essential HTN |
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Definition
1. lifestyle changes
2. monotherapy
polypharmacy |
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