Term
| Why should analysis of creatine kinase happen immediately after samples have been collected? |
|
Definition
| CK has a short half life, isn't very stable |
|
|
Term
True or False
Smooth muscle contains high levels of CK |
|
Definition
false
creatine kinase is primarily found in skeletal & cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
| How is creatinine produced? |
|
Definition
| dehydration of creatine in the muscle |
|
|
Term
| Why is creatinine an ideal monitor of kidney function |
|
Definition
| Its rate of secretion is relatively constant, and it is not reabsorbed in the kidney |
|
|
Term
True or False
Reabsorption rate of creatinine is close to 90% |
|
Definition
false
it is not reabsorbed |
|
|
Term
| Why does the body synthesize urea? |
|
Definition
| metabolism of glutamate or glutamine by glutamate dehydrogenase leads to production of ammonia/ammonium, which is toxic. Ammonia is used to synthesize urea (or uric acid in birds) which is significantly less toxic and can be excreted |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the urea cycle? |
|
Definition
| get rid of NH4+, so that the body can use AAs as a source of energy without detrimental effects |
|
|
Term
True or False
The liver is the only organ with the complete set of all 5 enzymes to produce urea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main amino acids that feed in to the urea cycle? |
|
Definition
glutamine
aspartate
arginine |
|
|
Term
| Where in the cell would you find the enzymes involved with the urea cycle |
|
Definition
2 in the mitochondria
3 in the cytosol |
|
|
Term
True or False
Urea diffuses easily back and forth between the tubular fluid & the ECF/blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does diet regulate urea levels in the blood? |
|
Definition
-low P diet = low urea cycle enyzmes, high P diet = high urea cycle enzymes
starvation = high AA catabolism = increased urea synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Why is collecting urine midstream not always ideal? |
|
Definition
| risk of contamination of the sample from the lower urinary tract (ureter/urethra) |
|
|
Term
| A hyaline cast is associated with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythrocytes in the blood indicate... |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage (trauma/infection of the urinary system) |
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|
