Term
| The two types of nephrons with main difference. |
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Definition
Cortical - Makes dilute urine
Juxtamedullary - Makes concentrated urine |
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Term
| The four renal processes. |
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Definition
| Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glomerulus/Bowman's capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capsule epithelium cells that surround capillaries. They curl around the capillary. Controls how much fluid comes out of capillaries. |
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Term
Amount of plasma filtered.
Amount of cardiac output directed to kidneys. |
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Definition
Filtered: ~20%
Amount of C.O: ~25% |
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Term
Amount of fluid filtered.
Urinary output.
**Don't need to memorize, but couldn't hurt to know** |
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Definition
Filtered: 125 mL/min. or 180L/day
Output: 1.5L/day so most is reabsorbed. |
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Term
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
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Definition
| Volume of plasma filtered over time by glomerulus. |
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Term
| Changes in GFR often change... |
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Definition
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Term
| Low GFR generally indicates... |
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Definition
| Renal failure. (This is BAD!) |
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Term
| A force which PROMOTES filtration is. |
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Definition
| BLOOD PRESSURE: 55mmHg in capillaries. This is high. |
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Term
| A force which OPPOSES filtration is. |
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Definition
OSMOTIC PRESSURE: (especially oncotic pressure) 30 mmHg
TUBULE PRESSURE: (from fluid in capsule) 15 mmHg |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintenance of constant GFR over a wide range of b.p. This requires altering renal VASCULAR RESISTANCE. |
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Term
| Myogenic Intrinsic Control. |
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Definition
| If theres more pressure in the tube BEFORE the glomerulus the tube gets smaller letting less in so it can handle it. |
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Term
| Effect of increase in blood pressure on glomerular apparatus. |
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Definition
| Opens stretch sensitive ion channels in AFFERENT arteriole so more calcium comes in and the blood vessels constrict, lowering blood flow. |
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Term
| Tubuloglomerular feedback is sensed by. |
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Definition
| Macula densa - cells in the distal tubule by the glomerulus. |
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Term
| Tubuloglomerular feedback response. |
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Definition
| Paracrine hormone is released to constrict the afferent arteriole. |
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Term
| Extrinsic sympathetic innervation's mechanism of action. |
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Definition
| Reduces GFR, can occur during hemorrhage, afferent arteriole vasoconstriction, decreased glomerulus permeability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds glomerular capillaries, reduces glomerular permeability, stimulated by sympathetic nerves or angiotensin II. |
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Term
| Roll of podocytes in permeability. |
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Definition
| Podocytes will contract and flatten out. This decreases the space between them meaning less filtration area. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Filtered volume from which a solute has been removed. This is the amount of filtered substance that is not reabsorbed, metabolized, or secreted. |
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Term
| Characteristics of test substance for filtration. |
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Definition
| Need a solute that is not reabsorbed, metabolized, or secreted. |
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Term
50 mg/mL of solute in 100 mL of afferent blood.
40mg/mL of solute in 100 mL of efferent blood.
Clearance is? |
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Definition
| 20mL. 80mL of fluid is needed to keep the amount of solutes at the same concentration as the afferent blood. |
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Term
| Used experimentally to find GFR. Reason why it sucks. |
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Definition
| INULIN clearance. Must be constantly infused into the patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle metabolism byproduct. Has a fairly constant plasma level. |
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Term
| Formula for Mass filtered = Mass excreted. |
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Definition
| Filtration rate x Plasma conc = Urine conc x Urine Volume |
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Term
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Definition
| [U x V(rate)]/P in mL/min. |
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Term
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Definition
| Filtered fluid volume that returns to the plasma without the solute. |
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Term
| Characteristics of test substance for plasma flow. |
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Definition
| Must be both filtered AND secreted but not absorbed. TOTAL CLEARANCE must occur (remove all solute). |
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Term
| Typically used to measure Renal Plasma Flow. |
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Definition
| p-aminohippuric acid (HAP) is totally cleared so it is used to measure RPF. |
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Term
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Definition
(Upah x V)/Ppah
Upah is urine concentration of PAH
Ppah is plasma concentration of PAH
V is the rate of flow of urine over 24h |
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Term
| Renal Blood Flow (RBF) = (formula) |
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Definition
RBF = RPF/(1-Hct)
Where: Hct is hematocrit, the percent of RBC's in blood. |
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