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| – nailed to the Wittenberg church by Martin Luther; these were a list of objections to the central beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| motto of Sir Francis Bacon |
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| -- energetic and productive human being who is interested in science, literature, history, art and other subjects: Thomas Jefferson and Henry VIII |
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| a line of poetry made up of six feet; a line written in iambic hexameter; the ninth line of a Spenserian Stanza |
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| a story in which the characters, setting, and events stand for abstract or moral concepts |
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| one of four basic metrical feet; two unstressed followed by a stressed |
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| -- a way to dissolve a marriage (without a divorce) that states that something about the marriage wasn't legal or proper |
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| unrhymed verse in iambic pentameter |
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| a pause or break within a line of poetry, usually indicated by the natural rhythm of language |
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| a Latin phrase that literally means "seize the day" that is make the most of present opportunities |
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| an architect who designed the restoration of Saint Paul's cathedral in England; commissioned by Charles II |
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| Characteristics of the Renaissance |
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1. reading classic Greek and Roman writers instead of only religious works
2. humanism spread
3. printing made books widely available
4. growing merchant class
5. spread of scholarly Latin made possible the sharing of ideas |
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| – also called the Anglican Church; was established by Henry VIII when Henry was denied a request of annulment from Catherine of Aragon by the Catholic Church |
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| -- a fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things |
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| two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme |
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| one of four basic metrical feet; one stressed followed by two unstressed |
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| -- people who felt the Church of England was a copy of the Catholic Church; known as Protestants, Baptists, Presbyterians; they wanted to get rid of bishops, prayer books, priest's vestments (robes and gowns), and church bells |
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| – the belief that God determines the ruler; James I believed so strongly in this that he was in opposition to Parliament. James I believed strongly that any opposition to him was an opposition to God |
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| – developed by Martin Luther of Germany; stated that because of Adam sin in the Garden of Eden, all people were fundamentally sinful and could not thought their works alone become worthy. People had to depend on the grace of god. |
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| – only son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; took the throne at the age of nine (after his father’s death) and died at the age of fifteen; was succeeded by Mary I |
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| – Protestant daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; considered the greatest ruler in all English history; ruled for forty-five years; succeeded by James I |
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| -- a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than life hero who embodies the values of a particular society |
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| -- a brief, clever, and usually memorable statement |
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| -- best-known humanist; a Dutch monk who lived and worked outside the monastery; traveled; wrote in Latin; taught Greek at Cambridge; friends with Thomas More |
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| -- hoop skirts worn during the Renaissance |
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| -- a fire that destroyed most of London including St. Paul's cathedral |
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| – first Tudor king of England; he took the throne after the War of the Roses ended; he increased the power of the monarchy, built a fleet or merchant ships, established trade treaties, rebuilt the treasury, and began exploring North America |
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| – son of Henry VII; considered a Renaissance man; his desire for a male heir changed the religion of England; was married 6 times |
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| -- a stanza consisting of two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter, esp. one forming a rhetorical unit and written in an elevated style, as, Know then thyself, presume not God to scan / The proper study of Mankind is Man. |
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| -- intellectual movement; went to the old Latin and Greek classics to discover answers to questions: What is a human? What is a good life? How do I lead a good life?; devotion to the Greek and Roman classics that explored life on earth |
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| a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or create a comic effect |
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| one of four basic metrical feet; unstressed followed by stressed |
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| -- unstressed followed by stressed with five feet per line |
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| language that appeals to the senses |
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| first Stuart to take the throne; he succeeded Elizabeth I to the throne of England; was also known as James VI of Scotland; commissioned the translation of the Bible |
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| -- the German inventor of the printing press |
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| – musical verse the expresses emotions |
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| a monk who founded a new kind of Christianity based not on what the Pope said, but on personal understanding of the Bible; nailed his 95 thesis to the church door encouraging the church to change its practices; he argued that religion should be worked out between each person and God |
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| Catholic daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon; took the throne after Edward I’s death; she reestablished Catholicism and ordered the beheading of hundreds of Protestants; know as Blood Mary; was succeeded by Elizabeth I |
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| exiled Queen of Scotland; Catholic great-grand daughter of Henry VII; she was imprisoned for 17 years and finally put to death for plotting to murder Elizabeth I |
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| comparison between two unlike items without using like or as |
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| one of the most important types of conceits; it was widely used of 17th century metaphysical poets; these are startling, complex, and ingenious |
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| a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry |
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| part of the humanism belief that humans are “Little worlds” unto themselves |
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| the mood or feeling in a literary work |
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| an 8 line stanza or poem or the first eight lines of an Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet |
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| an apparent contradiction that is actually true |
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| to read something and put it in one's own words |
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| a type of poem that depicts rustic life in idyllic, idealized terms |
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| named after 14th century poet Petrarch; sonnet is divided into two parts: an eight line octave with the rhyme scheme abbabba that presents a problem, poses a question, or expresses an idea; and a 6 line octave (called the turn) with the rhyme scheme cdecde that resolves, answers, or drives home the point |
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| belief by John Calvin that claims that God determined all events at the beginning of time |
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| wanted to purify the Church of England of all Roman Catholic rituals; they were hated by James I |
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| 4 line stanza or poem, or a group of four lines unified by a rhyme scheme |
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| lead by English writers; this was a movement aimed at reforming the Catholic Church |
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| a repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines; usually in poetry |
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| rebirth of the Greek and Roman classics |
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| scanning a poem to determine its meter |
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| the six lines that follow the octet with the rhyme scheme cdecde |
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| Shakespearean Sonnet/ English Sonnet |
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| contains 3 four-line units (quatrains) followed by a concluding 2-line unit (couplet). The three quatrains express ideas or examples and the couplet sums up the poet's message; rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg |
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| a Jewish money lender in The Merchant of Venice; portrayed as greedy, cruel, and incapable of mercy; charged interest on money he loaned -- this was considered a sin |
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| a 14 line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes |
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| England's Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada destroying Spanish control of the seas and assuring England independence from the Catholic Church; the turning point in English history and Queen Elizabeth's finest moment |
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| the voice speaking or telling in a work of literature |
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| -- developed by Edmund Spenser; divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet; rhyme scheme is abab bcbc cdcd ee |
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| nine line stanza created by Edmund Spenser for The Faerie Queen; the first eight lines are in iambic pentameter the last line is written in iambic hexameter (called an alexandrine) rhyme scheme of aba bbc bcc |
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| humanist; dedicated churchman; wrote in Latin; Lord Chancellor of England who was beheaded by Henry VIII because More refused to recognize Henry has head of the English church |
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| the attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject, or a character |
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| one of four basic metrical feet; stressed followed by unstressed |
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| the shift in focus or thought in a sonnet or other literary work |
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| a term describing impractical social schemes; usually utopia is thought to be "perfect" |
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| set up the first printing press in England |
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