Term
|
Definition
| Prayer that extends praise, petition, and thanksgiving. Recited at Maariv, Shacharit, and Mincha. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 587/6 BCE - 538 BCE- Babylonians conquered Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple, and resettled Israelites out of Jerusalem. In 538 BCE, the Persians defeated the Babylonians and allowed the Israelites to go back to Jerusalem. The exile led to the development of ideas of monotheism, the omnipresence of God, and a shift of focus to worshiping from the home and synagogue rather than the Temple. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prophet who brings redeption and tells of the coming of the Messiah. At Passover, an extra cup of wine is set aside and the door left open for his coming. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Known through the Dead Sea Scrolls. They ascribe all things to God and teach the immortality of the soul. They are distinguished by their virtuous mode of life, restrained by excessive purity from sacrificing in the Temple... they did not live in Jerusalem. Lived on the outskirts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally means "to study or learn by tradition." Part of the Talmud with the Mishnah. Commentary on Mishnah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battle of Issus (Asia Minor); Alexander the Great defeats the Persian Empire led by Darius II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selucid ruler Antiochus IV tries to force Hellenistic religion on the Jews, desecrates the Temple with a statue of Zeus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman-Jewish War, destruction of Temple in 70 CE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rule of David (establishment of Jerusalem as the capital) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exodus from Mount Sinai experience (Jews escape from Egyptian slavery) |
|
|
Term
| 13th-12th Century BCE (or laterish) |
|
Definition
| Conquest of the "Promised Land" (struggle with Canaanites) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divided Kingdom (Benjamin/Judah v. 10 Northern Tribes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assyria conquers Israel (10 lost tribes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maccabean Revolt successfully defeats Selucids- event commemorated in the fest of Hanukkah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hasmonean dynasty (political independence) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The genocide of approximately six million Jews during WWII. Made people how and why God could do this to them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "He who struggles with God and wins." Jacob- when he wrestled with God. People of Israel struggle for knowledge of God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nasi prince (patriarch of the Jewish community) around 200 CE. Referred to as "Rabbi" or "Our Holy Rabbi" because he was so highly regarded. He valued holiness, humility, and a fear of sin. A 'man of peace,' he wrote the Mishnah, the first and central text of the Torah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws of the Torah regulating kosher eating (land grazers with divided hooves that chew cud, fish with scales and fins, and fowl are all acceptable). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prayer said in the evening which consists of the Amida and the Shema. |
|
|
Term
| Marcion's Contrasting Pairs |
|
Definition
| J- old C- new; J-flesh C-spirit, J-works C-grace; J-sin C-grace, J-circumcision C-baptism, J-deicide C-Jesus is savior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prayer said in afternoon, where just Amida is said. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Dwelling place of God." Arc of the Covenant in the Temple. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teaching or repetition; complements scriptures as the foundation of document of Rabbinic Judaism; its six volumes are more than a legal code but emcompass values as well as laws, ethical principles as well as rules, and are concerned with worship and purity as much as with civil and criminal jurisdiction as personal status; formed the basis on which the Talmud was developed. Page 32 in Solomon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The laws and commandments that God gave to Moses at Mount Sinai (there are 613 in the Torah). Not necessarily the negative connotation of "law." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Prophets." (Writings of the Prohpets)The second of three sections of the Tanakh, after the Torah and before the Ketuvim. |
|
|
Term
| Smart's Seven Dimensions of Religion |
|
Definition
1) Practical/Ritual (Prayer, Shabbot)
2) Experiential/Emotional (Simchat Torah)
3) Narrative/Mythic (Torah, Israel, Waiting Wall)
4) Doctrinal/Philosophical (Torah, Mishnah)
5) Ethical/Legal (Noahide Laws, kashrut, mitzvah)
6) Social/Institutional (Yeshiva)
7) Material (Torah, Wailing Wall) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-Jews get a "share in the world to come." 1) Idolatry 2) Blasphemy 3) Murder/Bloodshed 4) Adultery 5) Theft/Robbery 6) Eating flesh of a living animal 7) Establishing Courts of Justice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memorized by Moses and handed down to generations orally. The Pharisees possessed these laws which gave them an upper-hand over the other religious socio-economic groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RAMBAM The medieval authority on Jewish philosophies. Personal prayer > sacrifice. God limited sacrifice to one place until he allowed the Temple to be destroyed, forbidding sacrifice completely. (13 Principles of Faith) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Live modestly in accordance with reason. Respect the elderly, believe in divine providence, freedom of will, and personal immortality. They are held in esteem by the people, who are guided by them in prayer and sacrifice. Primarily about the "democratization and extension of the holiness code" which meant God was everywhere, not just in the Temple. Posessed the Oral Torah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed after the destruction of the Temple (to account for loss of tradition)- called together by Yohannan ben Zaccai (escaped the Roman-Jerusalem War in a coffin). The motto of the council is derived from Prophet Hosea: "I desire love, not sacrifices." Canonized the TaNaKh, teaching of Elders, beginning of editing the Orah Torah/Mishkan. Systematizing of the prayer services (3X), ordination procedures for Rabbis to become instituted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They deny life after death and are total literalists of the Torah. Don't believe in Oral Torah. Derive authority from the priesthood and Temple. |
|
|
Term
| Separation of Jews and Christians |
|
Definition
-Disagreement about whether certain laws of the Torah were still applicable
-Paul's plan to absorb Gentiles into the community of believers was incompatable with the way the Jews understood themselves as a people or community; created two conflicting groups each of which claimed to be the true Israel.
-Combo of doctrinal differences, social factors, and external events set them apart.
-Destruction of the Temple hardened the division.
-Christians saw destruction of Temple God's rejection of Jews
-Jews saw it as punishment but not rejection.
-Fiscus Judaicus: special tax on all Jews from Emperor Vespasian; demonstrated distance from Judaism and allegiance from Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jewish Sabbath. Friday night until 3 stars are visible on Saturday night. Festive meals are eaten, many prayers are said, and certain activites that involve work are prohibited. Mirrors God's day of rest during the Creation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prayer said in the morning, which includes reciting Amida and Shema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of God felt when Jews are congregated in prayer. Concept moved from temple procedures to something that could be practiced in the home after the destruction of the Temple. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three scriptural recitations during Maariv and Shacharit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The great celebration at the end of Succot when the reading of the annual Torah cycle is completed and recommenced and joyful processions of men circle around the bima (central platform) dancing with the Torah in their arms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jewish prayer shawl worn by men on holidays and Shabbat and during morning, afternoon, and evening prayers. Fringes- tzitzit at 4 corners that are supposed to remind of the covenant with God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Hebrew, means "instruction" or "teaching." There are two Talmudim.
1) The Talmud of the Land of Palestine (ca 450 CE)
2) The Babylonian Talmud (ca 550 CE)
Consists of Mishnah and Gemara.
The heart of Judaism. Transmitted orally for centuries before its compilation by the Jewish scholars in Palestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A name for "Bible" used in Rabbinic Judaism. Three subtexts: The Torah ("instruction," first five books), Nevi'im ("prohpets," writings), and Ketuvim ("writings" later writings). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prayer. Private introspective communion between individual and God, also preferred in groups of 10 or more Jewish males age 13 or older. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pair of black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses; they serve as a sign of rememberance of God bringing his children out of Egypt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Charitable giving; usually approximately 1/10 of profits; not a set amount. Jews highlight a lifetime of charity. "Give-what-you-can" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A shrine of the Jewish world. Part of the retaining wall supporting the Temple Mount built be Herod in 20 BCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Institution unique to classical Judaism for its study of its tradition and central texts. Studied in pairs of men, who search for the word of God in the text. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Day of Atonement. Last of the "Days of Awe" and marks the end of the Ten Day of Penitence. Consists of a New Year's Eve feast, and a mourning service that lasts 4-6 hours. Has 5 innuyim, self-discipline: prohibitions of eating/drinking, annointing with oils, sexual relations, washing, and wearing leather shoes. Also certain work forbidden, like Shabbat. Theme: Teshuva, penitence, also the leading concept in Judaism. 'Return' to God, recognition of sins, regret and confession, and renewed commitment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like Pharisees, but exceed them in their readiness to die for freedom from all rule except that of God. Very passionate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Return of the people to the land of Israel. Clearly rooted in the Bible, where many prophets assure that this will happen. Many modern Jews view the State of Israel as the fulfilling of the 'national' aspirations of the Jewish people. They have 'come home' and are able to control their own destiny rather than suffer. |
|
|
