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| The less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of the more influential one |
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| Belief that inanimate objects have spirits and conscious life |
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| Dominant culture completely absorbs the less dominant one |
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| Doesnt take the Qur'an literally. They don't believe in angels and demons. Heaven and Hell are not places they are condition of th soul. |
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| Specific statements that people think to be true |
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| The ability to communicate in two languages |
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| A universal religion based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightment can be attained by suppressing wordly desire |
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| Provides a code of moral conduct based on humaneness and family loyalty |
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| When almost all individuals and area outward from the source region are affected |
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| a tongue that originates from contact between two languages |
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| Emphasizes human culture as ultimately more important than physical environment in shaping human actions |
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| Spread of cultural elements from one society to another |
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| the field that studies the relationships between the natural environment and culture |
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| Subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space |
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| the area where civilizations first began that radiated the customs, innovations, and ideologies that culturally transformed the world |
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| The modification of the natural landscape by human activities |
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| The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards |
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| The process by which one generation passes culture to the next |
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| When a trait combines with others in a distinctive way |
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| A group of interconnected culture complexes |
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| A single attribute of culture |
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| Belief that human happiness lies in maintaining proper harmony with nature |
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| A regional variety of language |
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| Forced exodus from their lands of origin |
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| Durkeim's Sacred and Profane |
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| As human beings, we define something as profane, which is ordinary, and sacred, which is extraordinary |
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| Derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites. One of the 3 major branches of Christianity |
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| Environmental Determinism |
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| The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development |
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| Appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place |
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| The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture |
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| Languages once in use, but are no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world |
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| Culture that is traditionally practiced by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas |
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| When many people who live in a land space share atleast some of the same folk customs |
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| The composite culture that shapes the lives of folk societies |
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| A culture region can represent an entire culture system that interwines with its located and environmental circumstances |
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| A famous geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion about the same time as Carl Sauer |
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| The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
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| World's 3th largest religion and oldest organized religion still in practice. Has no holy book, so eacho individual decides the best way to worship |
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| Emphasizes the ability of human beings to guide their own lives |
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| Developments that can be traced to a specific civilization |
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| Indo-European Language Family |
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| Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and Southern Asia |
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| The religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life |
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| Boundaries within which the words are spoken |
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| The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud |
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| A systematic means of communicating ideas and feelings through the use of signs, gestures, marks, or vocal sounds |
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| Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin |
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| Group of languages with more commonality than a language family |
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| An established language that comes to be spoken and understoof over a large area |
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| A condition in which many languages are spoken |
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| The study of speech areas and their local variations by mapping word choices, pronunciations, or grammatical constructions |
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| One of two great schools of Buddhist doctorine emphasizing a common search for universal salvatiion especially through faith alone |
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| Transformed communism into a central ideology in many areas during the 20th century |
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| Physical manifestations of human activities. Relates to environment |
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| Spread of cultural trait is slow enough that they weaken in the area of origin by the time they reach other areas |
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| The ability to communicate in more than two languages |
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| Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members |
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| Language endorsed and recognized by the government as the one that everyon should know and use |
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| An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages |
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| Found in large, heterogeneous societies that are bonded by a common culture despite the many differences among the people that share it |
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| Reformers who protested some practices of the Catholic Church |
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| Awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region |
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| Religion: Branches, Denominations, and Sects |
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Branches: Large and basic divisions within a religion
Denominations: Are divisions of branches that unite local groups in a single administrative body
Sects: relatively small groupa that do not affiliate with the more mainstream denominations |
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| Spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
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| A branch of Christianity that arose because of the Roman's split by Diocletian |
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| Wrote about diffusion in Agricultural Origins and Dispersals |
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| An ethnic religion in which people follow their Shaman, a religious leader and teacher who is believed to be in contact with the supernatural |
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| One of two main branches of Islam. Believe that the successor should be a member of Muhammed's family |
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| The doctorine of a monotheistic religion founded in Northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam |
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| Language that is recognized by the government and the intellectual elite as the norm for use in schools, government, media and other aspects of public life |
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| Spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
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| One of the main branches of Islam; belief that the successor should be chosen by agreement among the religious leaders |
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| Smaller lanscapes that symbolize a bigger area or category |
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| designs that stand for other things or ideas |
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| The fussion of old and new |
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| One of 3 main branches of Buddhism. Emphasizes on magic as well as different meditation techniques |
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| One of 3 main branches of Buddhism; characterized by a stricter adherence to the original teachings of the Buddha |
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| Declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source |
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| A religion that has originality and is not modernized |
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| Two-way flows of culture reflect a more equal exchange of cultural traits |
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| Religion that attempts to be global in its appeal to all people |
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