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Relationships, Concepts and Compartments - Unit 2
All important relationships, compartments and concepts from the VHD Dissector as relating to the Trunk (Unit 2).
96
Anatomy
Graduate
09/10/2011
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Term
The thoracic plane dividing the superior and inferior mediastinum extends (A-P) from where to where?
 Definition
Sternal angle to intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.
Term
Name all vascular, visceral, and nervous structures contained within the superior mediastinum.
 Definition
Vascular: Aortic arch, brachiocephalic a./v., left common carotid a., left subclavian a., internal thoracic a./v.

Visceral: Esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, thymus (or remnant thereof), lymph nodes

Nervous: Left recurrent laryngeal, phrenic and vagus n.
Term
Name all vascular, visceral, and nervous structures contained within the middle mediastinum.
 Definition
Pericardium and heart

Vascular: Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and arteries, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins

Visceral: Tracheal bifurcation, main bronchi, lymph nodes

Nervous: Left recurrent laryngeal, phrenic and vagus nerves
Term
Name all vascular, visceral, and nervous structures contained within the posterior mediastinum.
 Definition
Vascular: Descending aorta, azygos vein, hemiazygos vein

Visceral: Esophagus, thoracic duct, lymph nodes

Nervous: Vagus and splanchnic nerves
Term
What are the primary blood supplies, respectively, of the anterior chest wall, lungs, and heart?
 Definition
Chest wall: internal thoracic and intercostal

Lungs: Bronchial

Heart: Right/left coronary
Term
The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned _____ to the internal intercostal muscles.
 Definition
Deep.
Term
The internal thoracic artery and vein are positioned _____ to the first six costal cartilages.
 Definition
Posterior (deep)
Term
The left phrenic nerve passes _____ to the root of the left lung.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The left phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The left phrenic nerve passes _____ to the ascending aorta.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The right phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the superior vena cava.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The right phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The right phrenic nerve passes _____ to the root of the right lung.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The arch of the aorta passes _____ to the pulmonary trunk.
 Definition
Superior
Term
The left vagus nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes _____ to the ligamentum arteriosum.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.
 Definition
Inferior
Term
The left vagus nerve passes _____ to the left main bronchus.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The right vagus nerve is positioned _____ to the trachea.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The right vagus nerve passes _____ to the arch of the azygos vein and _____ to the right main bronchus.
 Definition
Medial
Posterior
Term
The superior vena cava is positioned _____ to the ascending aorta.
 Definition
Lateral (right)
Term
The azygos vein (arch) passes _____ to the right main bronchus.
 Definition
Superior
Term
The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned _____ to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The esophagus is positioned _____ to the trachea.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The esophagus passes _____ to the left main bronchus.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The descending (thoracic) aorta passes _____ to the left main bronchus.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _____ to the main bronchus.
 Definition
Superior
Term
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned _____ and _____ to the main bronchus.
 Definition
Anterior, inferior
Term
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _____ to the main bronchus.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned _____ to the main bronchus.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned _____ and _____ to the pulmonary arteries.
 Definition
Anterior, inferior
Term
The right posterior intercostal arteries pass _____ to the vertebral bodies.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly _____ to the ribs.
 Definition
Inferior
Term
The sympathetic chain is positioned _____ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned to the _____ of the vertebral bodies.
 Definition
Left (lateral)
Term
The inferior vena cava is positioned to the _____ of the descending aorta.
 Definition
Right
Term
The greater splanchnic nerve is positioned _____ to the sympathetic chain.
 Definition
Anterior-medial
Term
The esophagus is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
Near the diaphragm, the esophagus is positioned _____ to the thoracic aorta.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The thoracic duct is positioned directly _____ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
What are the functions of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
 Definition
Flexion of trunk, maintenance of abdominal tone (via increase of intra-abdominal pressure)
Term
What are the functions of muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
 Definition
Flexion of thigh, fixation of 12th rib during inspiration
Term
The common bile duct passes 1) _____ to the duodenum (first segment) and 2) _____ to the epiploic foramen.
 Definition
1) Posterior
2) Anterior
Term
The hepatic portal vein passes 1) _____ to the epiploic foramen, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned 2) _____ to the bile duct and the hepatic artery proper.
 Definition
1) Anterior
2) Posterior
Term
The hepatic artery proper passes _____ to the epiploic foramen.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The gastroduodenal artery passes 1) _____ to the duodenum (first segment) and 2) _____ to the pancreas.
 Definition
1) Posterior
2) Anterior
Term
The duodenum (second segment) is positioned directly _____ of the pancreas (head).
 Definition
Lateral (to the right.)
Term
The duodenum (3rd segment) is positioned directly inferior to the 1) _____ and passes anterior to both the 2) _____ and the 3) _____.
 Definition
1) Head of the pancreas
2) Inferior vena cava
3) Abdominal aorta
Term
The splenic artery and vein pass 1) _____ to the stomach (fundus) and are typically positioned 2) _____ to the pancreas (body and tail).
 Definition
1) Posterior
2) Posterior-superior
Term
The superior mesenteric artery is postioned 1) _____ to the superior mesenteric vein, and passes 2) _____ to the duodenum (4th segment), directly 3) _____ to the left renal vein, and 4) _____ to the pancreas (body).
 Definition
1) lateral (to the left)
2) anterior
3) anterior
4) posterior
Term
The superior mesenteric vein passes 1) _____ to the duodenum (4th segment) and 2) _____ to both the stomach (pylorus) and the pancreas (body).
 Definition
1) anterior
2) posterior
Term
The inferior vena cava passes 1) _____ to the liver and is positioned 2) _____ to the caudate lobe.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) lateral
Term
The gall bladder is positioned _____ to the quadrate lobe of the liver.
 Definition
Lateral
Term
The kidney is positioned 1) _____ to the psoas muscle and 2) _____ to both the quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles.
 Definition
1) anterior-lateral
2) anterior
Term
The right suprarenal gland is positioned _____ to the right kidney.
 Definition
Superior
Term
The left suprarenal gland is positioned _____ to the left kidney.
 Definition
Medial
Term
The right renal artery passes directly _____ to the inferior vena cava.
 Definition
Posterior
Term
The left renal vein passes 1) _____ to the abdominal aorta and 2) _____ to the superior mesenteric artery.
 Definition
1) anterior
2) posterior
Term
The right ureter passes _____ to the psoas muscle.
 Definition
anterior
Term
The right testicular artery passes directly _____ to the inferior vena cava, the right ureter, and the psoas muscle.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The right common iliac artery passes directly _____ to the left common iliac vein.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The lesser (true) pelvis is bounded by the pelvic inlet and outlet. What defines the pelvic inlet and outlet?
 Definition
Inlet: from the promontory of the sacrum to the the pubic symphysis along the arcuate line of the ilium.

Outlet: Bounded by pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and the sacrotuberous ligaments.
Term
What arteries supply the pelvic wall, pelvic viscera, and perineum, respectively?
 Definition
Pelvic wall and viscera: branches of the internal iliac a.

Perineum: branches of the internal pudendal a.
Term
What are the boundaries of the deep perineal space, and what structures are contained within it?
 Definition
Bounded superiorly by the endopelvic fascia and inferiorly by the perineal membrane.

Contains deep transverse perineus, (inferior aspect of) urethral sphincter, compressor urethrae, and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles, urethra, and branches of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal a./v.
Term
What are the boundaries of the superficial perineal space, and what structures are contained within it?
 Definition
Bounded superiorly by the perineal membrane and inferiorly by the superficial perineal (Colle's) fascia.

Contains bulb of the vestibule, crura of the clitoris, bulbospongiosus, ishiocavernousus and superficial perineal muscles, greater vestibular glands, and branches of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal a./v.
Term
The internal pudendal artery and vein, and the pudendal nerve pass _____ to the sacrospinous ligament.
 Definition
Posterior-lateral (ie, superficial).
Term
The bulbospongiosus muscle is positioned directly _____ to the bulb of the vestibule.
 Definition
Superficial (lateral)
Term
The ischiocavernosus muscle is positioned directly _____ to the crus of the penis/clitoris.
 Definition
Superficial
Term
The rectum is positioned 1) _____ to the vagina and cervix and directly 2) _____ to the rectouterine pouch.
 Definition
1, 2) Posterior.
Term
The uterus (body and fundus) is positioned _____ to the bladder.
 Definition
Posterior-superior
Term
The uterus is positioned directly _____ to the rectouterine pouch.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The ovary is typically positioned 1) _____ to the broad ligament of the uterus and 2) _____ to the uterine tube.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) posterior-inferior
Term
The urethra is positioned _____ to the vagina.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The left common iliac vein is positioned _____ to the common iliac artery.
 Definition
Posterior-medial
Term
The external iliac vein is positioned _____ to the external iliac artery.
 Definition
Posterior-medial
Term
The obturator artery, vein and nerve pass _____ to the superior pubic ramus.
 Definition
Inferior
Term
The ureter passes 1)_____ and 2)______ to the uterine artery.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) inferior
Term
The ureter passes 1) _____ and 2) _____ to the vaginal artery.
 Definition
1) superior
2) anterior
Term
The lumbosacral trunk passes _____ to the sacrum (ala).
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscle) is positioned _____ to the obturator internus muscle.
 Definition
Medial
Term
Which structures close the lateral pelvic wall?
 Definition
The piriformis and obturator internus muscles, and their fasciae.
Term
Which structures close the pelvic outlet?
 Definition
The pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm.
Term
Which structures give boundaries to the perineum? What structures divide it into anal and urogenital triangles?
 Definition
Bounded by the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosity and the coccyx.

Divided into triangles by the superficial transverse perineal muscles, which run from ischial tuberosity to the central tendon of the perineal body along the midline.
Term
The bulbospongiosus muscle is positioned directly _____ to the bulb of the penis.
 Definition
Superficial.
Term
The deep dorsal vein of the penis passes _____ to the pubic symphysis.
 Definition
Inferior
Term
The bulb of the penis is positioned directly _____ to the urogenital diaphragm (deep transverse perineal muscle).
 Definition
inferior (superficial)
Term
The prostate is positioned _____ to the urogenital diaphragm (deep transverse perineal muscle).
 Definition
superior
Term
The rectum is positioned 1) _____ to the prostate and 2) _____ to the sacrum and coccyx.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) anterior
Term
The bladder is positioned _____ to the prostate.
 Definition
Superior
Term
The ductus deferens (ampulla) is positioned 1) _____ to the bladder and 2) ____ to the prostate.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) superior
Term
The seminal vesicle is positioned 1) _____ to the ampulla of the ductus deferens, and 2) _____ to the bladder.
 Definition
1) lateral
2) posterior
Term
The ureter passes directly 1) _____ and 2) _____ to the ductus deferens.
 Definition
1) posterior
2) inferior
Term
The right ureter passes directly _____ to the right external iliac artery.
 Definition
Anterior
Term
The ductus deferens passes directly _____ to the obliterated umbilical artery.
 Definition
posterior-superior (deep)
Term
The obturator artery, vein and nerve pass _____ to the superior pubic ramus.
 Definition
Inferior
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