Term
| Difference between infectious and non-infectious disease? |
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Definition
Infectious- can spread from one person to anther.
Non-infectious- not spread from person to person. |
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Term
| Difference between infectious and non-infectious disease causes ? |
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Definition
Inf- caused by microbes invading the body
Non-inf: are caused by multiple things such as a combo of genetics (family history and sex), Lifestyle (Diet, smoking, exercise) and environment ( contaminants and hazords). |
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Term
| What is the difference between acute and chronic? |
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Definition
Acute- severe but short duration
Chronic- persists for months, years, or recur frequently. |
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Term
| Classify noninfectious and infectious as acute or chronic. |
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Definition
Infectious tends to be acute, come on suddenly and are not lethal, only short duration
Noninfectious- tend to be chronic, ongoing |
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Term
| What does degenerative mean? |
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Definition
results in a progressive deterioration of tissues and subsequent loss of function.
-develops slowly over time, tend to be asymptomatic until advanced, and are generally treatable, but not curable. |
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Term
| Example of degenerative diseases? |
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Definition
| arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, atherosclerosis, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension. |
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Term
| Name the type of diseases that are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in US, what are they related to, and name the top 3. |
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Definition
Chronic degenerative diseases are leading causes of death.
Many of them are related to diet (energy/nutrient excesses)
Heart disease, cancer, stroke. |
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Term
| Chronic degenerative diseases are often -- |
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Definition
preventable with a healthy lifestyle
-healthy diet, regular exercise, and not smoking can reduce the incidence of heart disease by 80% and cancer by 70%. |
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Term
| Were acute or chronic degenerative diseases the leading causes of death in the 1900s? What changed? |
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Definition
Infectious Diseases-acute.
immunization, improved sanitation (food and water), and antibiotics have all helped reduce the severity and occurence of many infectious diseases.
Pneumonia- leading cause of death in 1900. |
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Term
| What is prevelance vs incidence? |
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Definition
prevelence is the number of new cases for a specific population at a specific time.
Incidence is the overall number of cases over time. |
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Term
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Definition
a medical condition in which excess body fat accumulates in the body to the extent that it adversely affects health, potentially reducing life expectancy. BMI is greater than 30.
overweight is defined as 25-30 |
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Term
| In the past 25 years, how has the prevelence of obesity changed? Why is it concerning. |
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Definition
increased substantially.
30-40% of americans exceed ideal body weight and 20% are obeses. As obesity rises so does type 2 diabetes. Concerning b/c increase in obeseity is an underlying contributing factor to many chronic degenerative diseases (heart disease, hypertension, cancer, type 2 diabetes) |
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Term
| what is the rise in obesity attributed to? |
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Definition
dietary practice and sedentary lifestyle.
Americans are eating more food (200-300 more Calories per day) |
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Term
| What are congenetal disorders? |
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Definition
| genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetics= a condition present at burth as a result of heridity or environment influences. |
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Term
| Data by midwife in england showed? |
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Definition
| That babies w/too high or too low of birth weights both have a increased risk to diabetes. |
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Term
| diet related disease of noninfectious type? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
malnutrition is the imbalance between body's need for certain nutrient and nutrient availability.
Overnutrition- nutrients are in excess relative to need.
Undernutrition- insufficient nutrients relative to need. |
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Term
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Definition
primary- diet related and adjustable.
secondary- factors other than diet such as disease or medication that create imbalances |
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Term
| examples of secondary malnutrition- |
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Definition
malabsorbtion- gastrointestinal conditions can alter digestion and absorbtion of nutrients (chrons, ulcers, celiac)
Excess nutrient loss from or accumulation in body- diaheraa, bleedings, bad kidney function or hemochromatosis (too much iron is stored) |
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Term
| What are two measures that reflect overall health? |
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Definition
infant mortality rates
life expectancy |
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Term
| Are the US infant mortality rates good? |
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Definition
| No, we are 37 on the list. Singapore is number 1. |
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Term
| Causes of Infant mortality rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of LBW? And causes of those. |
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Definition
premature birth and intrauterine Growth restriction
Risk Factors increasing these:
-multiple fetuses
-poor nutrition during pregnacy,
-drug uses during pregnacy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The average number of years of life remaining at a given age as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilites. |
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