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REL205 - The Prophets of the Old Testament
Old Testament Prophets
290
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
07/21/2010

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Term
ancient Near East prophets were widespread. They were found in what areas?
Definition
Mari, Babylon, Assyria, Egypt, Canaan
Term
aNE Prophets are very similar prophetically to Old Testament Prophets
Definition
True
Term

aNE Prophets

Definition

Spokesman for Deity

Term
Priest
Definition
Mediator - Takes our concerns to God
Term
Prophet
Definition

God's Spokesperson

 

Delivers God's word to us

Term
Where did the prophets of the aNE work?
Definition
Cultic Sites
Term
What 2 roles did prophets play in a religious establishment of the aNE?
Definition
Paralleled the priests
Royal Advisors
Term
aNE Prophets outside of the religious setting function in what 2 other capacities?
Definition
Charismatic Bands
Independent Persons
Term
To what 3 centuries do the early prophets of the OT date?
Definition
11th, 10th and 9th century
Term
The Names of the Early Prophets were...
Definition
Samuel, Nathan, Ahijah, Elijah, Elisha, Gad, Macaiah
Term
The latter prophets spanned which centuries?
Definition
8th, 7th, 6th, 5th, 4th, 2nd
Term
Names of the 8th Century Prophets (pre-exilic)
Definition
Amos, Hosea, I Isaiah, Micah
Term
Names of the 7th Century Prophets (pre-exilic)
Definition
Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Jeremiah (continues to the 6th Century)
Term
Name the 6th Century - Pre-Exilic (only one)
Definition
Jeremiah
Term
Names of the 6th Century Exilic Prophets
Definition
Ezekiel, Obadiah, II Isaiah
Term
Names of the 6th century Post-Exilic Prophets
Definition
Haggai, Zechariah
Term
Names of 5th Century Prophets
Definition
Malachi, III Isaiah
Term
Names of 4th Century Prophets
Definition
Joel, Jonah
Term
Name of 2nd century prophet (only one)
Definition
Daniel (Remember by remembering that my brother Daniel is the 2nd born in our family)
Term
There were no 3rd Centurty Old Testament Prophets
Definition
True
Term
I Isaiah - Chapters
Definition
1 - 39
Term
II Isaiah - Chapters
Definition
40 - 55
Term
III Isaiah- Chapters
Definition
56 - 66
Term
Theme for pre-exilic prophets
Definition
Divine Judgment
Term
Call-Report
Definition
Literary Genre used by prophets to justify or legitimate their authority. A call report is not intended to record actual historical experience.
Term
Structure of a Call-Report
Definition
1. Theophany
2. Statement of Guilt
3. Purification
4. Commission
5. Objection
6. Reassurance
Term
What are the 3 major call-reports in the Old Testament?
Definition
Isaiah 6; Jeremiah 1,2 and Ezekel 1,2,3
Term
Announcement of Judgment
Definition
Literary genre used by prophets - Example Amos 1:6
Term
Amos 1:6
Definition
Example of an Announcement of Judgment - Ends with "the remnant of the Philistines shall perish.
Term
The purpose of a Call-Report
Definition
Justify or legitimate authority of the prophet, not to recrd or provide a detailed account of history.
Term
Which prophet spans the 7th and 6th centuries?
Definition
Jeremiah
Term
Prophets that functioned in Charismatic Bands claimed to have a religious experience through a trance
Definition
True
Term
The prophets that functioned outside the religious establishment were very critical of the religious and political establishments
Definition
True
Term
People believed that the message that was delivered by the Prophets were Divine Messages.
Definition
True - the messages were thought to be divine and accurate.
Term
The literary structure of an "Announcement of Judgement" is
Definition
1. Messenger Formula "Thus says the Lord"
2. Reason for Judgment
3. Description
4. Conclusion - "Says the Lord"
Term
Where prophets felt to be announcers or predictors?
Definition
They were announcers, not predictors. They were stating what would occur.
Term
Were most prophets professional holy men?
Definition
No, typically they did not make their living as prophets.
Term
The Prophet were both greatly respected and greatly feared.
Definition
True, they were thought to have extraordiary power.
Term
What is an example of the type of extraordinary power a prophet was thought to possess?
Definition
Power over life and death itself
Term
Prophets were very familiar with Israel's Sacred Traditions
Definition
True. And they felt a great deal of freedom to reinterpret and re-evaluate these traditions.
Term
Prophets made announcements of events they knew would happen in the relative near future
Definition
Yes, they were not making announcement of things in the distant future.
Term
What is the Hebrew word for Prophet used commonly in the Old Testament?
Definition
Nabi - Which means one who is called.
Term
Nabi
Definition
Hebrew for "one who is called". Common word for Prophet in the Old Testament.
Term
Samuel - Message
Definition
Theophany - Judgment against Eli - Eli's sons were killed (Hophni and Phinehas)
Term
Samuel - 1st
Definition
1st of the Early Prophets
Term
Samuel - Timeframe
Definition
11th Century
Term
Samuel - summary
Definition
1st of the early prophets, 11th century, Theophany - Judgment against Eli
Term
Nathan - Early Prophet
Definition
10th Century
Term
Nathan - vocation
Definition
Was David's Court Prophet (does this for a living)
Term
Nathan - Message
Definition
Blessing - Covenant for David
Term
Nathan - Message/Judgement
Definition
Judgment - David's Sin with Bathsheba
Term
Nathan - David's Court Prophet - pro and con judgments for David
Definition
Blessing - Covenant
Judgment for Sin with Bathsheba
Term
Ahijah - Early Prophet - timeframe
Definition
9th Century
Term
Ahijah - Location of Prophacey
Definition
Northern Kingdom
Term
Ahijah - Message
Definition
Basic Message to Jeroboam I

God has approved your takeover
Sanctions the est. of Northern Kingdom
Term
Elijah - Early Prophet
Definition
9th Century
Term
Elijah aka
Definition
Elijah, the Tishbite Often referred to as the "Man of God"
Term
Elijah - significance
Definition
Most important of pre-exilic prophets
Term
Elijah - Location of Prophacey
Definition
Nothern Kingdom
Term
Elijah - Literary Genre
Definition
Legend - weak basis in history
Term
Pre-Exilic Prophets timeframe
Definition
All before the 6th Century
Term
Exilic Prophets - During the Exile
Definition
6th Century - Ezekiel, Obadiah, II Isaiah
Term
Post Exilic 6th Century Prophets
Definition
Haggai, Zechariah
Term
Elijah - Major Issue
Definition
Apostasy
Term
Elijah - 3 Major Stories
Definition
1 Kings 17 - Resuscitation of the Widows Son, 1 Kings 18 - Contest on Mt. Carmel against prophets of Baal, 1 Kings 22 - Naboth's Vineyard (Ahab's taking of it)
Term
Elijah - What is the significance of the Resuscitation of the Widow's son (1 Kings 17)?
Definition
Shows the power of the prophet over life and death - the unbelievable power of the prophet
Term
Elijah - What is the significance of the Contest on Mt. Carmel (1 Kings 18)?
Definition
Proves the YHWH is the God of Israeal, defeats Baal
Term
Elijah - What is the significance of Naboth's Vineyard (1 Kings 22)?
Definition
Proves there is no double standard of morality in Israel. Kings are held to same moral principles.
Term
Elisha - Early Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
9th Century
Term
Elisha - Location of Prophacy
Definition
Northern Kingdom
Term
Gad and Macaiah - Early Prophets
Definition
9th Century - This is all we need to know about them!
Term
Differences concerning who Early and Later Prophets addressed?
Definition
Early prophets spoke to individuals (Kings and their infractions)
Later Prophets spoke to a broader audience (People of Israel)
Term
For Classical (Later) Prophets, the focus is more on the message and not the individual.
Definition
True.
Term
Later Prophets - are a product of their history, message is addressed to specific historical situation.
Definition
Their message is addressed to the people of their time and it is directed to the nation.
Term
Amos - Later Prophet
Definition
8th century (760-750)
Superscription - 2 years before the earthquake
Term
Amos - King during his time
Definition
Jeroboam II - King of Israel (N. Kingdom)
Term
Amos - King Jeroboam historical significance
Definition
As long as he reigns, stable political situation, no significant Assyrian Threat
Great Prosperity, but severe inequalities in wealth distribution
Term
Amos - Location of prophetic activity
Definition
Northern Kingdom
Term
Amos - Specific place of prophetic activitiy
Definition
Bethel - Royal Sanctuary
Term
Amos - What happens at Bethel?
Definition
Amos offends Amaziah the preist, he orders Amos to leave and assumes Amos is professional prophet
Term
Amos' Call Report
Definition
Amos 7 - not a full fledged call report
Term
Amos 7
Definition
Amos' call report. We learn he is from Tekoa (Southern Kingdom), Farmer, Denies affliation with pro-prophets
Term
Issue with Literary Authenticity of Prophets
Definition
Oral spokesman, people later wrote down announcements, redactional work - Example Amos 9:11
Term
Amos 9:11 is an example of the issue of literary authenticity of the prophets because...
Definition
It talks about rebuilding Jerusalem and ruined cities, yet in 8th century they weren't ruined. Suggest later additions.
Term
Amos - Literary Genre
Definition
Mostly Announcements of Judgment
A couple of brief Call-reports
5 visions
Term
Amos - Theological Themes
Definition
Judgment - social abuse and Religious Apostasy
Day of the Lord - Negative Message

Example Amos 5:21-24 - God interested in justice and righteousness
Term
Where is an example of Amos' Judgment of Religious Apostasy?
Definition
Example Amos 5:21-24 - God interested in justice and righteousness, not lip service
Term
Did Amos feel the 'Day of the Lord' would be a day of deliverance or a day of judgment/punishment?
Definition
Judgment and Punishment - Amos 5:18-20 - Why do you desire the day of the lord, it will be a day of judgment?
Term
Eschatological
Definition
From Greek word Escahton - end times, final days (Day of the Lord)
Term
Amos - How does he change the idea of Election (Abrahamic covenant)?
Definition
He turns it from a sense of divine favor to a basis of divine judgment.
Term
Amos' visions appear in what chapters?
Definition
7, 8 and 9
Term
Amos' visions are assumed to be historical - interpretations of actual events
Definition
Appear in Chapters 7,8,and 9
Term
Amos' visions 1 and 2
Definition
Locust Plague - Sign of Judgment
Amos intercedes and God backs off
Intercession is very unusual behavior for a prophet
Term
Amos' visions 3,4,5
Definition
Judgment is absolutely certain, God will not change his mind. Judgment will be total.
Term
Amos' Final Theme
Definition
Remnant - probalby a later addition
Term
What is the issue with the Remnant theme for Amos?
Definition
It is not in line with his other much harsher themes of judgment.
Term
Problems with Literary Authenticity of Amos
Definition
How much really belongs to Amos? How much is later addition?
Term
What is an example of a later addtion in Amos?
Definition
Amos 9:11 - Talks about rebuilding Jerusalem and ruined cities, yet this is middle of 8th century and the city has not be destroyed yet.
Term
How is redactional work used in the books of the later prophets?
Definition
Used to bring the work together with the events, later additions suggest redactional work.
Term
How do the later prophets differ than the early prophets in their messages of Judgment?
Definition
Their messages are directed toward many nations, Israel, Judah, surrounding nations and not toward individuals such as Kings.
Term
Hosea - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
742 - 724 (8th Century)
Term
Hosea - Location of Prophetic Activity
Definition
Northern Kingdom
Term
What is the difference in the political situation between Amos and Hosea?
Definition
Remarkably changed, Jeroboam II has died (746) and the Assyrians are now a threat.
Term
Hosea - Major Issue
Definition
Apostasy
Term
What is the Sign-Act or Symbolic act in Hosea?
Definition
His marriage to Gomer. Her repeated acts of adultery are symbolic of repeated acts of apostasy. Broken marriage>broken covenant with God.
Term
What does the sexual imagery in Hosea represent?
Definition
Israelites are getting too involved in Baaliam Fertility cults.
Term
What is meant in Hosae by "no knowledge of God"?
Definition
No intimacy between God and Israel, Israel is unfaithful.
Term
How is hope portrayed in Hosae's story?
Definition
God's unusual love. Restoration instead of ending the relationship. (some consider this a later addition)
Term
What is B. Duhm theory?
Definition
Theory of Multiple authorship of Isaiah
Term
What is the timeframe for Duhm?
Definition
1900
Term
What are the difference Duhm notices in Isaiah that drive his theory?
Definition
Historical Settings
Literary Genres
Theological Themes
Term
What is the historical setting for I Isaiah?
Definition
8th Century, Jerusalem, Main Assyrian Threat, Fall of Sumeria
Term
What is the historical setting for II Isaiah?
Definition
6th Century, End of Exile, Persians (Cyrus), Imminent return
Term
What is the historical setting for III Isaiah?
Definition
5th Century, Post-Exilic Jerusalem, Persians, Internal problems with returned community
Term
What are the literary genres of I Isaiah?
Definition
Announcements of Judgment, Call-reports, Visions, Narrative-Prose
Term
What are the literary genres of I Isaiah?
Definition
Announcements of Judgment, Call-reports, Visions, Narrative-Prose
Term
What are the literary genres of II Isaiah?
Definition
Lyric Poetry, Hymns of praise, Poems
Term
What is the literary genre of III Isaiah?
Definition
Priestly oracles, laws and narratives
Term
What are the theological themes of I Isaiah?
Definition
Judgment, Assyrians, Zion, Messiah, Remnant
Term
What are the theological themes of II Isaiah?
Definition
Deliverence (new Exodus), Radical Monotheism, Suffering Servant, Light to the Nations
Term
What are the theological themes of III Isaiah?
Definition
Delayed Eschaton. Where is God? Why isn't he here? Should have stayed in Babylon.
Term
How does Duhm propose the Book of Isaiah be divided?
Definition
He proposed there were 3 authors based on the difference in setting, genre and themes. Divides to book into 3 parts.
Term
How are the Chapters of Isaiah divided according to Duhm?
Definition
1 to 39, 40 to 55, 56 to 66
Term
What is an opposing theory to Duhm multiple authorship theory?
Definition
Unity of Isaiah theory
Term
Isaiah I - Timeframe
Definition
742 - 700 ff (8th century)
Term
How long was Isaiah I a prophet (on and off)?
Definition
Almost 1/2 century
Term
I Isaiah witnessed a number of significant events in this ~50 years, what were they?
Definition
Rise of 3rd Assyrian Empire, 734 Syro-Epharamitic War, 722/1 Fall of Northern Kingdom (Syria), 700 Hezekiah's defense of Jerusalem
Term
I Isaiah was married and had children with names symbolic of what?
Definition
The relationship between YHWH and Israel
Term
I Isaih - What was his vocation?
Definition
Royal Offical - deepest knowledge of international affairs of anyone in OT
Term
I Isaiah's major call report appears where?
Definition
Isaiah 6
Term
What are the literary issues with I Isaiah?
Definition
Besides the multiple authorship of Isaiah, even in chapters 1-39 there are number of later additions. Example - Chapters 24-27 - Little Isaiah Apocalypse
Term
What is a second example of later addition to I Isaiah?
Definition
Chapters 36-39, which are narratives about prophet
Term
I Isaiah - Main Theological Theme
Definition
Judgment
Term
I Isaiah - What were his reasons for Judgment?
Definition
Political Apostasy (foreign alliances). I Isaiah feels this show a profound lack of trust in God
Term
Isaiah chapter 20 is an example of what?
Definition
Symbolic Act or Sign Act. Message is that putting trust in someone other then God is a breach of faith
Term
I Isaiah - Other theological themes
Definition
Inviability of Zion, Messiah, Remnant theme, Eschatalogy
Term
I Isaiah - Inviablility of Zion
Definition
Temple will be spared, God will protect it. Sacrosanct
Term
What does Messaih mean in Hebrew?
Definition
Annonted. Usually refers to a King that has been blessed and received Charismatic Endowment.
Term
What are the 3 major Messiah passages in I Isaiah?
Definition
Chapter 7, Birth of Emmaneul (Syro-Ephi war).
Chapter 9 - Birth announcement of Crown Prince. (Hyperbole)
Chapter 11 - Description of the Messianic age(return to paradise)
Term
What is meant by "remnant theme"?
Definition
Judgment will not be total
Term
Micah - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
745 - 724 (8th century)
Term
I Isaiah - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Jerusalem
Term
Micah - Location of Prophetic Activity
Definition
Jerusalem
Term
What is the connection between Micah and I Isaiah?
Definition
Micah heard I Isaiah speak and seemed to approve of the majority of his messages, although they disagree over Zion Theology
Term
Micah - where was he from?
Definition
A village called Moresheth, Outside of Jerusalem
Term
What is a Rib(pronounced reev)
Definition
Lawsuit, dispute, controversy. Legal genre used to settle disputes.
Term
Rib were used to settle what type of disputes?
Definition
personal property matters (criminal or capital punishment went to the king)
Term
What chapter contains Micah Rib and what is about?
Definition
Micah Chapter 6. Plaintiff YHWH vs. Defendant Israel. Charge is Apostasy. Micah responds for the Lord, Do justice, love kindness and walk humbly with God.
Term
What does Micah's rib suggest about the essence of religion?
Definition
That the essense of religion is morality
Term
Zephaniah - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
630 (7th Century)
Term
Zephaniah - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Southern Kingdom - Jerusalem
Term
Zephaniah - Theme
Definition
Judgment against Judah/Jerusalem
Term
Zephaniah - What image does he use?
Definition
Day of the Lord, gives the most frightening account of the coming of the Lord
Term
Nahum - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
612 (7th Century)
Term
Nahum - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Southern Kingdom - Jerusalem
Term
Nahum - Theme
Definition
Judgment against Nineveh (capital city of 3rd Assyrian empire)
Memory tip - Nahum and Ninevah both start with an N.
Term
Habakkuk - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
600 - but scholars disagree
Term
Habakkuk - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Southern Kingdom - Jerusalem
Term
What does the first 2 chapters of Habakkuk contain?
Definition
Dialogue between YHWH and Habakkuk concerning God's use of the Neo-babylonians as instruments of judgment.
Theodicy.
Term
Habakkuk - Chapter 3
Definition
Prayer - God to do something about the miscarriage of justice
Term
Jeremiah - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
626 - 587/6 ff (spans the 6th and 7th century)
Term
Jeremiah
Definition
2nd of the big 3 prophets
Term
Who are the big 3 Prophets?
Definition
Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel (half the test is on these 3)
Term
Jeremiah - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Jerusalem (except in 588 he was captured and taken to Egypt..last 2 or 3 chapters are in Egypt)
Term
Jeremiah - What was his family backgroud and where did he come from?
Definition
Family of priests in a little town called Anathoth
Term
Jeremiah Call - Report
Definition
In Chapters 1,2. Very Elaborate. God called him before birth.
Term
Why do we know more about Jeremiah than the other Prophets?
Definition
He had a scribe, named Baruch.
Term
Passhur
Definition
Priest in Jerusalem
Term
Passhur - What was his relationship to Jeremiah
Definition
Kicked Jeremiah out of the temple and had his arrested when he returned.
Term
Jeremiah and the Babylonians
Definition
Pro-babylonian, Warns southern kings not to anger them
Term
Why was Jeremiah mistakenly accused of treason?
Definition
Because he seemed Pro-Babylonians, but he was only trying to save temple
Term
Jeremiah Chapter 20
Definition
Confession
Term
Jeremiah aka
Definition
The Weeping Prophet
Always complaining about God' call
Term
Jeremiah - Necessity/Impossibility
Definition
Necessity of the call, must do what God choose him to do, but feels is impossible
Term
Jeremiah was taken as a prisoner - when and where?
Definition
Eqypt in 588
Term
Jeremiah's Major Theme
Definition
Judgment against Judah, Jerusalem and foreign nations
Term
Jeremiah's Major Theme
Definition
Judgment against Judah, Jerusalem and foreign nations
Term
What is a good example of Jeremiah's Judgment speech?
Definition
Chapter 7 - The Temple Sermon
Term
What 2 prophets questioned Isaiah Zion Theology?
Definition
Jeremiah and Micah
Term
What is Jeremiah's take on Zion Theology?
Definition
The Temple is just a building - don't trust in Zion Theology.
Term
In Jeremiah 7, what sins does he condemn?
Definition
Personal Immorality
Apostasy
Term
What new element did Jeremiah inject?
Definition
Hope - New Covenant
Term
Jeremiah 31:31
Definition
Message of Hope - New Covenant
Term
What 2 prophets use the broken marriage imagery to symbolize the broken covenant
Definition
Jeremiah and Hosea
Term
When does Jeremiah say the New Covenant will begin?
Definition
After the Exile
Term
What are the elements of Jeremiah's New Covenant? (replaces the Mosiac covenant)
Definition
1. Universal - Not just people of Israel
2. Intenal - I will write it in their hearts
3. Forgiveness - will forgive their sins
Term
Jeremiah discounted corporate retribution
Definition
In favor of Individual Retribution - don't pay for sins of their parents or children
Term
What are the 2 new elements in Jeremiah?
Definition
Theme of Hope
Individual Retribution
Term
Jeremiah also warns rulers to avoid agreements with who?
Definition
Foes from the North. Could have been Neo-Babylonians, Persians, Scythians
Term
Ezekiel - Later prophet - 1st Exilic Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
593 (6th Century)
Term
Who was the King of Judah during Ezekiel?
Definition
Jehoiakin
Term
What does Jehoiakin do to anger King Nebuchdnezzar?
Definition
Refused to pay tribute money to the Neo-Babylonians after taking over for his father
Term
When did the 1st deportation occur?
Definition
598 BCE. About 10 years before the Exile.
Term
What does King Nebuchadnezzar do after Jehoiakins defies him?
Definition
Deposes Jehoiakin and puts him under house arrest. Deports hundreds of people to Babylon.
Term
Ezekiel - Vocation
Definition
Priest
Term
1st deportation included which prophet?
Definition
Ezekiel - he would have been thought important to be included in deportation
Term
Ezekiel - Location of Prophetic ativity?
Definition
Babylon during the Exile
Term
Ezekiel's audience for Prophetic activities
Definition
Exilies
Term
Ezekiel's Call report
Definition
Chapters 1-3
Term
Ezekiel - Literary genre
Definition
Apocalypticism - Style of writing, means revelation (from greek word)
Term
Ezekiel aka
Definition
Father of Modern Jewish Apocalypticism
Term
What is the typical Apocalypticism story line?
Definition
1. Revelation
2. Carried into Heaven
3. Presence of God
4. Glimpse into future/resolution of crisis
5. Returns and shares news with oppressed
Term
Apolcalypticism writing is used during times of ____________?
Definition
Crisis, such as Oppression and Suffering
Term
Apolycalypictism uses highly symbolic language, rooted in _________ and describes Kings using __________.
Definition
History and Gross Imagery
Term
Apocalypticism appeals to all _________.
Definition
Senses
Term
Apocalypticism has a ___________ or _____________view of history.
Definition
positive or Eschatological
Term
The apocalyptic writing style arises from the ___________ and uses ________ _______.
Definition
imagination. picturesque images.
Term
How would an apocalyptic writer view suffereing?
Definition
Suffering has purpose within a divine plan.
Term
Apocalypticism uses numerology meaning...
Definition
it uses numbers symbolically.
Term
An Apocalyptic writer would be exclusivistic, meaning...
Definition
that his message of hope would be for a particular community, not universal.
Term
Ezekiel has _____ major sub-divisions cocnsisting of ______, _______, and _____.
Definition
3, 1/3 Anouncements of Judgment against Jerusalem (prior to fall), 1/3 Anouncements of Judgment against Foreign Nations (Babylonians), 1/3 Announcements of Hope (punishment and oppression will end).
Term
What is the significance of Ezekiel, Chapter 13?
Definition
Bags/baggage, Symbolic act or Sign Act of God's punishment of people of Jerusalem.
Term
What is the significance of Ezekiel 37?
Definition
Message of Hope - Valley of Dry Bones. God will restore Israel.
Term
What problem is created because Ezekiel was a priest before he was a prophet?
Definition
He tries to synthesize priestly and prophetic traditions. Makes it difficult to understand. Different perspective on God and Sin.
Term
What does Ezekiel think of God and the Temple?
Definition
Views God as leaving the Temple,has vision of him leaving. Does not feel Zion traditions are absolute.
Term
Ezekiel shows simalarities to other Old Testemant writers, give 2 examples?
Definition
P writer - transcendent image of God, viewed sin as a cultic abuse.

Dtr - history of Israel and history of sin.
Term
How is Ezekiel similar to Jeremiah?
Definition
Both use sour grapes proverb to annul corporate retribution.
Both talk of a new covenant, Ezekiel calls it New Spirit.
Term
What is the similarity between Ezekiel and I Isaiah?
Definition
Both have an Eschatological view of history.
Term
Ezekiel was an important prophet that moved forward from the age of ________ to the age of _________.
Definition
judgment, hope
Term
Obadiah - Later Prophets - Timeframe
Definition
560 - 6th Century
Term
Obadiah - Historical period
Definition
Babylonian Exile
Term
Obadiah - Location of Prophetic activity
Definition
Most like Jerusalem
Term
Obadiah - Major Message
Definition
Judgment against the Edomites - Edom, small country south of the Dead Sea
Term
The Edomites were historical enemies of the people of Israel, which 2 kings established rule over them
Definition
Solomon and David
Term
What did the Edomites do when they learned that jerusalem had fallen?
Definition
Marched up and finished the job. Burn and destroyed what remained.
Term
II Isaiah - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
540- 6th Century
Term
Who is the 4th major prophet?
Definition
II Isaiah
Term
II Isaiah - Historical Period
Definition
Just prior to Cyrus' takeover of Neo-Babylonians - Just prior to release of Jews
Term
Who is considered the anonymous prophet?
Definition
II Isaiah - 350 years after I Isaiah, yet stands in the same tradition
Term
To whose writings did II Isaiah have access?
Definition
I Isaiah (II Isaiah sees many of the anouncements of I Isaiah as coming true)
Term
II Isaiah - Literary Genre
Definition
Lyric Poetry
Term
II Isaiah - Major Message
Definition
Deliverance - image of a "New Exodus", very optimistic
Term
II Isaiah - secondary theme or message
Definition
"Light to Nation" - Israel new mission - Universal message
Term
II Isaiah starts a new theme in the middle of the 6th century, what is it?
Definition
Radical Monotheism - Also comes out in Deuteronomy. God is one, Lord of all Nations.
Term
What prophet presents the notion of the suffering servant?
Definition
II Isaiah - 5 songs in honor of the suffering servant
Term
According to II Isaiah, what is the function of the suffering servant?
Definition
Vicarous Atonement. Suffers for the sins of the community.
Term
What is the identity of the suffering servant?
Definition
It isn't clear, could have been II Isaiah or another anonymous prophet.
Term
Daniel - Later Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
175? - 2nd Century
Term
Daniel was Anachronistic - Set back to the 6th century. What other prophet shares this trait?
Definition
Jonah
Term
Daniel - Literary Genre
Definition
Apocalyptic Style - Like Ezekiel. Time of crisis.
Term
What was the crisis that Daniel dealt with?
Definition
Oppression of the Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphones.
Term
Daniel - Languages
Definition
Hebrew/Aramaic
Term
Daniel 1 - 6
Definition
Narratives about his Faithful People - God's deliverance
Term
What 3 Jews were tossed into the fiery furnish in the book of Daniel?
Definition
Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego
Term
Which prophet was thrown into the Den of Lions?
Definition
Daniel
Term
What kind of visions did Daniel experience?
Definition
Apocalyptic visions. Message was Deliverance.
Term
What view of history did Daniel have?
Definition
Very, very positive view of history - moving toward the point where God will deliver the Jews and restore Israel.
Term
Which prophet gives us a slight hint there is something beyond death?
Definition
Daniel in Daniel 12:2. Not a fully developed view of heaven, just a hint.
Term
When did Cyrus conquer the Neo-Babylonians?
Definition
539 - Deposed Nabonidus
Term
Who issued the edict that allowed the Jews to return home?
Definition
Cyrus
Term
Who lead the 1st wave of the Jews returning hom?
Definition
Sheshbazaar
Term
Who lead the 2nd wave of Jews returning home in 525?
Definition
Zerubabel
Term
Of the 12000 Jews that were expelled, approximately how many returned home?
Definition
1/3
Term
When the Jews returned home, what 3 major problems did they face?
Definition
Persecution (Samaritans)
Poverty
Pessimism at delayed Eschaton
Term
What 2 things slowed down the work on the 2nd Temple?
Definition
Weak Economy
Samaritan problem
Term
Haggai and Zechariah were contempories. What was there timeframe?
Definition
520-18. 1st post-exilic prophets.
Term
What nationality were Haggai and Zechariah?
Definition
Persian Jews
Term
What was the main interest of Haggai and Zechariah?
Definition
Getting the 2nd temple rebuilt
Term
What did Haggai and Zechariah feel was the reason for the delayed Eschaton?
Definition
The unfinished temple.
Term
What was the major message of Haggai and Zechariah?
Definition
Rebuild the Temple and God will return.
Term
Both Haggai and Zechariah were Jewish Particularists, what does that mean?
Definition
The were primarily interested in the well-being of the Jews.
Term
The 2nd temple was also known as...
Definition
Zerubabel's Temple
Term
When was Zerubabel's Temple (the 2nd temple) completed?
Definition
516
Term
How did the 2nd temple compare to the original?
Definition
Did not compare, much plainer and simpler.
Term
Malachi and III Isaiah were contemporaries that date to what timeframe?
Definition
475 (5th century)
Term
Milachi and II Isaiah were both considered what type of prophets?
Definition
Cultic Prophets
Term
What explanation did Milachi and III Isaiah give for the delayed Eschaton?
Definition
Cultic Abuse and personal immorality.
Term
Milachi and III Isaiah - Major Message
Definition
Correlate your creed with your conduct - No lip service.
Term
Like Haggai and Zechariah, Malichi and III Isaiah were both considered particularists.
Definition
True.
Term
Nehemiah
Definition
450 - Political reformer that helps with reestablishment of community - Particularist
Term
Ezra
Definition
425 Religious reformer - Book of Law
Jewish Particularists
Term
Ezra
Definition
Book of Law
Term
With which 2 reformers (political and religious) do things begin to improve?
Definition
Nehemiah and Ezra
Term
Joel - Post Exilic Prophet - Timeframe
Definition
375 (4th Century)
Term
What did Joel believe that showed his exclusivism or particularism to the max?
Definition
All nations will come to Jerusalem and acknowledge YHWH is Lord.
Term
What was Joel's Vision?
Definition
Locust swarming the land
Term
What did Joel understand about his locust vision?
Definition
That it was Divine Judgment
Term
What did Joel feel was represented by the locust disappearing and land becoming green?
Definition
Restoration - Day of the Lord
Term
Which prophet used the term "Day of the Lord" for positive Echatological idea?
Definition
Joel
Term
Jonah - later prophet - timeframe
Definition
350 - 4th century
Term
Literary Genre of Jonah
Definition
Didactic Narrative - Teaching story, not history
Term
Jonah was anachronistic, what other prophet was anachronistic?
Definition
Daniel
Term
For what type of people does Jonah book pose a problem?
Definition
Particularist. He is a spokesman for God, Assyrians are his people too.
Term
Who did God tell Jonah to go to and have them clean up their act?
Definition
King of Ninevah.
Term
Capital city of 3rd Assyrian Empire?
Definition
Ninevah
Term
Jonah is not a prophet in the traditional sense.
Definition
True.
Term
What was the theme in both God giving Jonah the tree and God's forgiveness of the Assyrians (Ninevah)
Definition
God's Grace. He gives out of his grace, not because we deserve it.
Term
The point of Jonah's story is?
Definition
Universalism
Term
"Man of God"
Definition
Elijah
Term
"Son of Man"
Definition
Ezekiel
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