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REL105 Final Exam Study Terms
focus on Coogan Intro to Old Testament ch. 19-end
84
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2013

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Term
Latter Prophets
Definition
In Jewish tradition, the second part of the Prophets, comprising the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel and the book of the Twelve (Minor Prophets).
Term
Major Prophets
Definition
In modern scholarship, the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, so called because of their relative length compared to the shorter books of the Minor Prophets. In Christian tradition, the books of Lamentations and Daniel have often been included under this heading.
Term
Minor Prophets
Definition
In modern scholarship, the twelve shorter prophetic books, from Hosea through Malachi.
Term
Prophets
Definition
In Jewish tradition, the second of the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, comprising the books of Joshua to 2 Kings and Isaiah to Malachi.
Term
prophet
Definition
A word of Greek origin meaning "Spokesperson." The prophets were believed to be recipients of direct communications from God. Sayings of and stories about many of the prophets are found in the part of the Bible known as Prophets
Term
covenant lawsuit
Definition
A genre used by the prophets in which Israel was put on trial by Yahweh for having violated its covenant with him.
Term
Day of the LORD
Definition
A phrase used by the prophets , to describe YHWH's fighting against his enemies. In apocalyptic literature, it is used of the final battle between good and evil.
Term
Oracle Against the Nations
Definition
A genre used by the prophets and in apocalyptic literature to describe YHWH's judgement on foreign nations
Term
First Isaiah
Definition
In modern scholarship, the parts of Isaiah 1-39 that are associated with the eighth-century BCE prophet Isaiah.
Term
Second Isaiah
Definition
In modern scholarship, chapters 40-55 of the book of Isaiah, dated to the mid-sixth century BCE. Also called Deutero-Isaiah.
Term
Syro-Ephraimite War
Definition
The attack on Judah and Jerusalem by the northern kingdom of Israel and Aram in 734 BCe, in an attempt to force the king of Judah, Ahaz, to join in an anti-Assyrian alliance.
Term
Third Isaiah
Definition
In modern scholarship, chapters 56-66 of the book of Isaiah, dating to the late sixth or early fifth century BCE. Also called Trito-Isaiah.
Term
Megiddo
Definition
A major city in northern Israel that because of its strategic location was the site of many battles. In apocalyptic literature, it can be called Armageddon and is the site of the final battle between the forces of good and evil.
Term
Confessions of Jeremiah
Definition
In modern scholarship, those parts of the book of Jeremiah in which he laments to God the difficulties he experienced as a prophet. The confessions are in Jeremiah 11.18-12.6, 15.10-21, 17.14-18, 18.18-23, and 20.7-18.
Term
Prophetic Gestures
Definition
The use or interpretation by a prophet of an ordinary phenomenon as having symbolic meaning.
Term
acrostic
Definition
A text in which the opening letters of successive lines form a word, phrase, or pattern. The acrostics in the Bible are poems in which the first letters of successive lines or stanzas are the letters of the Hebrew alphabet in order.
Term
Diaspora
Definition
Literally, scattering or dispersion, used to refer to exiles from Judah to Babylonia in the early sixth century BCE, and subsequently for any Jews living outside of Israel.
Term
synagogue
Definition
A word of Greek origin meaning "gathering together," used of religious assemblies of Jews and the buildings in which such assemblies took place.
Term
Servant Songs
Definition
In Second Isaiah, a group of four poems that speak of a servant of YHWH. They are Isaiah 42.1-4, 49.1-6, 50.4-11, and 52.13-53.12.
Term
Aramaic
Definition
A language originating in ancient Syria that in the second half of the first millennium BCE became used widely throughout the Near East. Parts of the books of Daniel and Ezra were written in Aramaic.
Term
First Zechariah
Definition
In modern scholarship, chapters 1-8 of the book of Zechariah, dated in substance to the late sixth century BCE.
Term
Second Temple
Definition
Chapter 25: The Temple completed in 515 BCE to replace the Temple of Solomon, which had been destroyed by the Babylonians in 586.
Term
apocalyptic
Definition
A genre of literature in which details concerning the end-time are revealed by a heavenly messenger or angel.
Term
Isaiah Apocalypse
Definition
In modern scholarship, chapters 24-27 of the book of Isaiah, an early example of apocalyptic literature, perhaps dating to the fifth century BCE.
Term
Second Zechariah
Definition
In modern scholarship, chapters 9-14 of the book of Zechariah, probably dated to the fifth century BCE. Also called Deutero-Zechariah
Term
the Chronicler
Definition
In modern scholarship, the term used for the author(s) of the books of Chronicles and, according to some scholars, of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.
Term
parallelism
Definition
A feature of biblical and other ancient Near Eastern poetry in which one phrase or line is followed by another that is synonymous, contrasting, or climactic.
Term
proverb
Definition
A short pithy saying, often in poetry.
Term
wisdom literature
Definition
A type of writing whose focus is human existence and often its relationship to the divine. It employs a wide variety of forms, such as proverbs, dialogue, and fables. Wisdom literature was used widely in the ancient Near East and is found throughout the Bible, especially in the books of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Sirach, and the Wisdom of Solomon.
Term
Woman Wisdom
Definition
The depiction of the quality of wisdom as a goddess who is the companion of YHWH.
Term
theodicy
Definition
A word of Greek origin meaning "divine justice," used with reference to literature that deals with the problem of human suffering, especially the suffering of the innocent.
Term
Dead Sea Scrolls
Definition
Ancient manuscripts found in caves on the western side of the Dead Sea beginning in 1948; some are the oldest surviving manuscripts of the books of the Bible, dating as early as the third century BCE.
Term
Essenes
Definition
A Jewish sect of the second and first centuries BC and the first century CE that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Term
Hanukkah
Definition
The festival commemorating the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC, which had been profaned by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
Term
Hellenization
Definition
The transformation of Near Eastern culture and society by Greek ideas, especially after the conquest of the Near East by Alexander the Great in the late fourth century BCE.
Term
angel
Definition
A word of Greek origin originally meaning messenger. In the Bible, these are supernatural beings sent by God to humans.
Term
Purim
Definition
The festival commemorating the deliverance of the Jews by Esther and Mordecai from the plot of the Persian official Haman.
Term
son of man
Definition
A phrase that in the Hebrew Bible means human being. In Daniel 7.13, it is used of someone who is given universal rule; the identity of this person is disputed.
Term
Immanuel
Definition
Mentioned in Isaiah 7.10-17, is the child of a woman that will be given this name that means "God is with us." Promised that within a few years after the birth of the boy, the land will see great abundance. Highly discussed by modern scholars because of the parallels with Jesus.
Term
Manasseh
Definition
Chapter 21: King of Judah that ruled for nearly half a century, longer than any other ruler in the Davidic dynasty, but we have very little documentation. D-peeps considered him the worst of the worst.
Term
Josiah
Definition
Chapter 21: Became king at eight in 640 BCE, documentation of his reign, 2 Kings 22.1-22.30, is almost entirely devoted to his religious reform.
Term
Josiah's Reform
Definition
Chapter 21: Found what is suspected to be Deuteronomy in the Temple archives and then began a comprehensive reform.
Term
Ezra
Definition
Chapter 24: The book that details the situation of the exiles in Babylon after the fall of Jerusalem (ch1-2), the early restoration (3-6), and Judah in the fifth century.
Term
Cyrus
Definition
Chapter 24: Persian King that crushed Babylon and allowed the exiles to return to Jerusalem
Term
Monotheism
Definition
Chapter 24: Clearly stated for the first time in Second Isaiah.
Term
Qumran
Definition
Chapter 29: The site where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found.
Term
Describe the nature of the prophetic books and their arrangement.
Definition
Collections of material about and by individual prophets, arranged in rough order of length, longest to shortest, in total called the Latter Prophets. The Major Prophets is the long books and the Minor Prophets is the short ones.
Term
Describe how the Assyrian campaigns against the North were interpreted by Amos and Hosea.
Definition
Both saw them as divine punishment for transgressions against God.
Term
What older biblical traditions were used by Amos and Hosea? What is their stance on Israel’s lack of social justice?
Definition
Deuteronomic laws. Covenant. Sinful, against God.
Term
Hezekiah is greatly exalted as a good king. Why?
Definition
Fidelity to the Deuteronomic Code concerning exclusive and pure worship of YHWH. "Daring nationalist".
Term
Describe Isaiah’s role as an advisor to the kings of Judah.
Definition
Term
What are the differences between the biblical and extra-biblical sources concerning the seize of Jerusalem by Sennacherib? Is there any significance for the differences?
Definition
Term
Explain Josiah’s reform. How were religion and politics related in the process?
Definition
Term
After the fall of Assyria’s empire, how is Judah affected?
Definition
Term
Why did the Assyrian empire fail?
Definition
Term
Explain the connections Jeremiah has with the Deuteronomic School.
Definition
Term
How does Jeremiah interpret the events that lead to Jerusalem’s destruction?
Definition
Term
Can biographical information be gleaned about a historical Jeremiah from the text?
Definition
Term
Describe the state of Judah’s inhabitants after the exile. How are their sentiments in Lamentations conveyed
Definition
Term
Describe the deportees’ reaction to the fall and their own exile described in Psalm 137?
Definition
Term
How does Ezekiel interpret the fall and exile and what does he predict for the future?
Definition
Term
Why did the Persians’ attitudes toward conquered people differ from the Babylonians’?
Definition
Term
How does the P Source deal with problems that arrive after the fall and the exile?
Definition
Term
How did the D historians change their work to fit the context of the Exile?
Definition
Term
After the return from exile, what was the relationship between the exiles and the inhabitants that had remained in Judah?
Definition
Term
What was important about rebuilding the Temple? Was there conflict?
Definition
Term
What was the state of leadership during the restoration?
Definition
Term
How did the Davidic Covenant continue to play a role?
Definition
Term
Discuss the main themes and issues of Ezra and Nehemiah.
Definition
Term
What tensions existed between the various groups during Persian rule?
Definition
Term
How did Apocalyptic literature develop and what are its characteristics?
Definition
Term
What sources were used for Chronicles and how were they used?
Definition
Term
Compare and Contrast the views of the Chronicler with the D Historians. How did their views differ?
Definition
Term
Describe the book of Psalms and its principle genres. How were the psalms used and how did the act of using them preserve them?
Definition
Term
Describe wisdom literature in the Bible and how it compares to other sources of wisdom in Near Eastern literature.
Definition
Term
What was the function of proverbs in Israel?
Definition
Term
What is the central issue in Job and what is the issue resolved in the end?
Definition
Term
Describe the issues of Ecclesiastes and how the writer resolves them.
Definition
Term
How do Job and Ecclesiastes drastically differ from other biblical traditions? Are there any similarities with other biblical traditions?
Definition
Term
How did Hellenization affect Judaism during the second and first centuries BCE?
Definition
Term
Why did the Maccabees revolt? Did they succeed? If so, to what extent?
Definition
Term
Compare the themes and the interpretation of biblical history in the works of The Wisdom of Solomon and The Wisdom of Ben Sira.
Definition
Term
What was the purpose of the short stories that portray model individuals under foreign power?
Definition
Term
Describe the apocalyptic literature of Daniel. What historical events are understood to be represented in the coded symbolism of Daniel’s visions?
Definition
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