Term
| Who was Jesus? 4th c. BCE to 30 CE |
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Definition
*the messiah
*healer
*was sent as God's son to die for everyone's sins
*repaired the world with his sacrifice |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to live in harmony with God |
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Term
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Definition
*human will has become corrupted
*Adam's disobedience brought death and sin |
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Term
| What did christianity develope? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
in christianity it is jesus
"annointed" |
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Term
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Definition
analogy
short allegory used to illustrate or teach some religious truth, prinicple, or moral lesson |
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Term
| Describe the Kingdom of God |
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Definition
*people care about each other
*poor are looked after
*religious rules do not over look human needs |
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Term
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Definition
"apostle to the Gentiles"
*learned Jewish customs
*initially persecuted christians
*dramatic conversion
*letters to churches became a book in the bible |
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Term
| Why and how did christianity separate from Judaism? |
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Definition
*separated b/c of the 2nd temple destruciton
*councils helped with separation
*could not make sacrifices, so created Christology |
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Term
| Effect of the 2nd temple destruction on christianity |
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Definition
it separated from judaism
70 CE |
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Term
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Definition
"good news"
accounts of the life of Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
| for a Jewish audience, new Moses, fulfillment of prophecy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*developed after the 2nd temple was destructed
*4 gospels
*Jesus=sacrific
*Destruction=God's punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| celebrates the resurrection of Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
| reception of the holy spirit |
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Term
| Council of Jerusalem 48 CE |
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Definition
There was an arguement of whether converts should have to be circumcized and follow the Torah
Conclusion was that Gentile did not have to convert |
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Term
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Definition
*has 27 books
*includes letters, acts, and revelation |
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Term
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Definition
*legalized christianity in 313(Edict of Milan)
*made Sunday a legal holiday
*sought to unify empire with
religion
*called the first ecumenical council |
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Term
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Definition
| practicing self-denial, self-mortification, abstinence, etc |
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Term
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Definition
*ONE God
*gods activity in relation to humanity
*"the sun is light and heat" |
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Term
| What is God in Christianity? |
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Definition
| The father, the son, and the holy spirit |
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Term
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Definition
The relationship between God and Jesus
Lives in the heart of all believers |
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Term
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Definition
Nicea
Chalcedon
Constantinople |
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Term
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Definition
*1st Ecumencial council
*christ is fully god
*father and the son were co-eternal |
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Term
| Council of Constantinople 381 |
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Definition
*trinity=monotheism
*2nd Ecumencial council
*God is one of 3 persons: father, son, and holy spirit
*persons are not beings |
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Term
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Definition
*4th Ecumencial Council
*declared that christ was fully human and fully god |
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Term
| What are the 3 major branches of Christianity? |
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Definition
Catholic
orthodox
protestant |
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Term
| What were the two major schisms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| language of the catholic church |
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Term
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Definition
iconostasis
can be prayed to
religious paintings
shows how God rescues people |
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Term
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Definition
| most important western monastic movement |
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Term
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Definition
| confirmation, confession, marriage, ordinaiton, extreme unction |
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Term
| Reformation of Christianity |
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Definition
Martin Luther
*1483-1546
*pope is not the judge
*man must judge himself
*printing press |
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Term
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Definition
*human nature is basically sinful and irresistably drawn to evil
*god knows who will be saved and who will be damned
*No pictures or organ music in church |
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Term
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Definition
16c
England
King Henry VIII (marriage)
unites old and new practice
church of england |
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Term
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Definition
switzerland
16c
"baptize again"
sign of interconversion
led ot Mennonite/Amish |
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Term
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Definition
17c
*england
*followed anabaptist believe in inner conversion
*baptism is for adults
*personal judgement
*freedom from government control |
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Term
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Definition
*Quakers
*17c
*England
*founder=George fox
*ardent pacifists
*no clergy
*no ritual
*"peopel should quake at the word of God" |
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Term
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Definition
*focus on legitimate place of emotion in christian worship
*service includes speaking in tounges, crying, fainting, and other emotional responses |
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Term
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Definition
Christian belief that the bible should be interpreted literally
has active support and reaches politics |
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Term
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Definition
Advent
Christmas
Epiphany
Holy Week
Pentecost |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Differences between orthodox and catholic |
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Definition
*diverse language/latin
*emperor has power/pope has power
*pishops are equal/pope is above all
*holy spirit is the source from which everything issues/proceeds from the father and the sone
*Icons/no icons
*priest can marry/celebate priests |
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Term
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Definition
*Decentralized Church
*endorsed dialogue with other religions
*consult with lay people
*simplify decorations
*reform liturgy |
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Term
| Council of Trent at Italy 1545-1563 |
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Definition
*affirmed church tradition
*Authority of popes
*7 sacriments
*celebration of mass in latin
*salvation by good works and faith |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that the world will soon come to an end; this belief usually includes the notion of a great battle, final judgement, and reward for the good |
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Term
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Definition
| New Testament and the Hebrew bible |
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Term
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Definition
"Good news person"
one of the four authors of the gospels--matthew, mark, luke, and john |
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Term
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Definition
"lengthening day" "spring"
the preparatory period before easter, lasting forty days |
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Term
| Muhammad's 1st revelation |
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Definition
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Term
Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Yathrib
Hijra |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Death of ali and beginning of the Umayyad empire |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| end of the umayyad empire and the beginning of the abbasid empire |
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Definition
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Term
| end of the abbasid empire |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Isamic view of Christianity and Judaism |
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Definition
*Christians and Jews have gone astray
*muhammad was sent to restore the true faith |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2nd largest religion
1.3 billion followers |
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Term
| Similarities between islam, christianity, and judaism |
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Definition
*came from the middle east
*one God
*Universal prophetic message
*angels
*satan
*judgement |
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Term
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Definition
The ideal believer
Founder of Islam
Received a revelation at mount Hira |
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Term
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Definition
*"recitation"
*God's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad
*an authorized edition of the written words that appeared after muhammad's death |
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Term
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Definition
*chapter of the Quran
*each one has a new traditional name, derived from an image or topic in it |
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Term
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Definition
*pre islamic trad and relious center
*made from a meteorite
*believed to have been sent from God |
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Term
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Definition
*cube shaped shrine of mecca
*focal point for muslim's daily prayers and the annual pilgrimage
*before muhammad |
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Term
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Definition
*has only a vague reference in the Quran
*"ascension"
*muhammad was carried to jerusalem
*ascended to the seven heavens
*met with other prophets like Adam and Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
*"migration"
*journey of muhammad and his companions from Mecca to Medina
*Muhammad built a new community of faith |
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Term
| Why is Hijira significant? |
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Definition
*Muslim dates were established
*community changed |
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Term
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Definition
*the worldwide Muslim community
*community of a prophet |
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Term
| Why was Yathrib, later called medina, responsive to the message of the Prophet? |
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Definition
*monotheistic influence of Jewish community
*Promise a new moral order
*neutral leader to resore order between tribes |
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Term
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Definition
*direction of prayer
*direction toward mecca
*direction toward which muslims pray |
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Term
| When did the civil war start? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*minority branch of Islam
*says that Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali |
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Term
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Definition
*"recollection"
*report of tradition of the sayings and deeds of the prophet
*contains his excemplary practice or sunna
*2nd source of authority for muslims after the quran |
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Term
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Definition
*"troden path"
*originally tribal custom of preislamic arabs
*example of the way a muslim should live |
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Term
| Who were the rightly guided Caliphs? |
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Definition
*Abu Bakr
*Umar
*Uthman
*Ali |
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Term
| What were the major achievement of the caliphs? |
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Definition
*conquest of Arabia and Persia
*Definitive edition of the Quran (uthman)
*Developement of lunar calandar
*muhammad's unique position as seal of prophets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*"rough wool"
*islamic mysticism
*a group of devotional movements in Islam
*goal is unity with God |
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Term
| What is the origin of the word Sufism? |
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Definition
| It comes from the word suf (wool), they wore simple wool clothing |
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Term
| What is the name of a Sufi master? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of a Sufi brotherhood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"remembrance"
*Sufi group practice of invoking the name of Allah
*rememberance to Allah by reciting his name 99 times |
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Term
| What are two famous Islamic Empires? |
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Definition
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire |
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Term
| Who are two important Mughal Empire leaders? |
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Definition
Akbar (tolerant)
Aurangzeb (not so tolerant) |
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Term
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Definition
-profession of faith (shahada)
-daily prayers (salat)
-alms (zakat)
-fasting (sawm)
-pilgrimage (hajj) |
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Term
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Definition
profession of faith
"there is no other God but Allah" |
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Term
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Definition
*9th month of Muslim calandar
*muslims fast during the day
*celebrates the first revelation of Muhammad
*Ends with the feast of Eid al-Fitr |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was muhammad's tribe? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*when Muhammad was born it was the center of religious pilgrimage
*contained a Kabah |
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Term
| Why was Muhammad's message threatening to Mecca's culture at the time of his first revelation? |
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Definition
*he promoted the need for kindness, honesty, support of the poor, and protection of the weak
*did not support their polytheistic ways
*demanded the destruction of statues and images
*denounced their way of trading |
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Term
| Why is the Hijira significant? |
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Definition
1. it is a time when muhammad's message becomes favorable
2. establishes the first islamic community (umma) |
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Term
| What are the three most sacred cities of Islam? |
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Definition
| Mecca, Jerusalem, and Medina |
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Term
| How many times do Muslim people pray in a day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The day of sacrifice
*celebrated during the month of Hajj
*every household is expected to make a sacrifice |
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Term
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Definition
*she is veiled when outside
*husband and family are only allowed to see her face
*only expected to socialize with female friends and relatives
*household work, but can keep a job |
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Term
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Definition
-661-750 CE
-administrative and military apparatus was adopted
-absorbed the cultural influence of Rome |
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Term
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Definition
-750 CE
-golden age of islam
-adopted a lot of persian influence |
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Term
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Definition
"tradition" "example"
-focus on the traditional teachings of Muhammad
-does not separate political life from religious life
-created a society surrounding their beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
"path"
-the whole body of Islamic law
-guides muslims' lives |
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Term
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Definition
-imams
-12 successors
-1st was Ali |
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Term
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Definition
-legitimate successor of the prophet
-particularly Ali and his successors |
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Term
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Definition
grandson of Ali
4th caliph, cousin of muhammad |
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Term
| Quran during the Meccan period |
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Definition
suras are short
earliest suras are at the end |
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Term
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Definition
| an important fast day for Sunni Muslims |
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Term
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Definition
an important fast day for Sunni Muslims
-the site of Ali's death
-pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims |
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