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Regents Chemistry Review - Quarter 1
Flash cards to review Regents Chemistry covering matter, atomic structure, thermochemistry, some organic chemistry,
48
Chemistry
11th Grade
11/20/2009

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Cards

Term
covalent bond
Definition
type of chemical bonding that occurs when electrons are shared between atoms
Term
lewis dot structure
Definition
symbol showing the chemical symbol and valence electrons
Term
Rule of Eight (octet rule)
Definition
atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to get 8 valence electrons (a stable octet)
Term
hydrocarbon
Definition
organic compound containing just carbon and hydrogen
Term
isomers
Definition
compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas and different properties
Term
alkane
Definition
organic hydrocarbon having only single bonds
Term
intermolecular force
Definition
force of attraction between molecules that results from varying degrees of positive and negative charge on the ends of the molecule
Term
chemical potential energy
Definition
a form of potential energy that results from the positive-to-negative attractions within chemical bonds
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
reaction that absorbs energy
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
reaction that releases energy
Term
heat of reaction
Definition
amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical reaction
Term
activation energy
Definition
amount of energy required to break the bonds to "kick off" a reaction
Term
Law of Conservation of Energy
Definition
Energy can not be created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical or physical change
Term
alkene
Definition
organic hydrocarbon having a double bond
Term
alkyne
Definition
organic hydrocarbon having a triple bond
Term
saturated hydrocarbon
Definition
hydrocarbon having only single bonds; alkanes
Term
unsaturated hydrocarbons
Definition
hydrocarbons having at least one double or triple bond; alkenes & alkynes
Term
Number of significant figures in the measurement 1,230 mm
Definition
3
Term
metals
Definition
class of elements that are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and react with acid to form hydrogen gas
Term
metalloids
Definition
class of elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
Term
Br and Hg
Definition
The only two elements that are liquids at room temperature
Term
plum pudding model
Definition
early model of the atom that defined the atom as a positive mass with negative particles scattered throughout; proposed by Thomson
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number shown on the periodic table that represents the number of electrons in the atom
Term
gold foil experiment
Definition
experiment in which positive alpha particles were directed at a sheet of gold foil - found that most of the atoms went straight through which led to the conclusion that the atom is mostly empty space
Term
neutron
Definition
particle with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom
Term
bright-line spectrum
Definition
pattern of light produced when excited electrons fall from higher to lower energy levels, releasing light
Term
orbital
Definition
three-dimensional region within the atom in which there is a high probability of finding an electron
Term
What is the energy-level electron configuration of sulfur?
Definition
2-8-6
Term
metallic bonding
Definition
type of bonding in which the valence electrons are mobile in a sea of electrons surrounding positive ions
Term
term for the modern model of the atom
Definition
wave-mechanical model charge-cloud model quantum-mechanical model
Term
12.0 cm x 10 cm round the answer to the correct number of significant figures
Definition
100 cm2
Term
valence electrons
Definition
electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom
Term
compound
Definition
Two or more elements chemically-combined in a fixed ratio; substance has different properties than the elements that make it up
Term
mixture
Definition
two or more substances physically combined in a variable ratio
Term
pure substance
Definition
sample that has a constant, uniform composition throughout; elements and compounds, but not mixtures
Term
synthesis reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction with the format
A + B -> AB
Term
activity series
Definition
list of elements arranged in order by their reactivity
Term
single replacement reaction
Definition
type of reaction with the format
A + BC -> AC + B
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass
Definition
law that states that matter (mass) can not be created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical or physical change
Term
combustion reaction
Definition
a type of reaction with the format
hydrocarbon + oxygen gas -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Term

 

 

Type of organic compound with the format

 

 

 

R - Cl

 

 

Definition
halide
Term

 

 

O

||

'R' - C - OH

 

Definition

 

organic acid

 

Term

 

 

 

 

O

||

'R' - C - 'R'

Definition

ketone

 

Term

 

 

 

molar mass of NaOH

Definition

 

 

40 grams (per 1 mole)

 

 

Term

 

Given the balanced equation

2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O

 

How many moles of water will be produced if 4 moles of H2 reacts completely

 

 

Definition
4 moles of water
Term

 

 

How many grams of iron would be needed to have 0.5 moles?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

27.9 grams of iron

Term

 

 

What is the mass in grams of 1.25 moles of H2O?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

22.5 grams

Term

 

 

 

Calculate the number of moles in 20.04 grams of calcium

Definition

 

 

 

0.5 moles

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