I was the one who started the Reformation. Who am I?

Martin Luther

I was the one who followed the idea of predestination – it’s already determined if you go to hell or heaven. Who am I?

John Calvin

I was the one who didn’t distinguish between the ideal and perfect citizen. Who am I?

Ulrich Zwingli

I was the one who squandered Spain’s money on wars with Schmalkaldic league in the HRE? Who am I?

HRE emperor Charles V and Spain's Charles I

What did Luther criticize the church for? Name at least 2

Sell of indulgences, incelibacy- church officials marrying, nepotism- giving positions to relatives, simony-sale of church offices, etc.

Describe the French of Wars of Religion.

Guise family lead catholic faction while Bourbon family lead protestant faction. Nobles clashed for the throne. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- serious bloodbath was a major point in the war.  Henry IV becomes king. Was a politique- put politics b4 preferences. Issued Edict of Nantes- granted protestants religious toleration.

Henry VIII breaks with church so he can divorce Catherine to get a son. Establishes Anglican Church. Same as Catholic Church except monarch is the head.

What were Luther’s religious beliefs. Name at least 2.

Salvation by scripture alone, by faith alone; belief in priesthood of all believers; advocated mass in vernacular language; people must obey masters, nobles, kings, etc.

Describe Mannerist art

Describe Baroque art

Action-packed, really dark or really bright colors, part of counter-reformation, major artists: Caravaggio, Bernini, Gentileschi, and Reubens; approx. 1600-1750

What did Erasmus and More think of religion?

Erasmus- education lead to better religious practices

More- believed in perfect utopias- no materialism, no hunger, no crime, etc.

Briefly describe the first half of the 30 years war. (1618-1630)

Bohemian phase (1618-25) -bohemians didn’t want to be catholic, lead to Defenestration of Prague- threw catholic officials out a window, failed to defy Ferdinand

Briefly Describes 2^nd half of 30 yrs. War (1630-1648)

Swedish phase (1630-1635)- Adolphus of Sweden invades to also stop the growth of Hapsburg domination in HRE. France funds the Swedes. Ferdinand hires Wallenstein who kicks the Swedes butts.

French phase (1635-1648)- Takes on Hapsburgs; funded by Swedes. Slowly beats ‘em down. Ends with Peace of Westphalia- Calvinists have same right as Lutherans, rulers chose official religion but must allow private worship, HRE emperor is nonexistent, etc.

What were the 2 things the council of Trent agreed on?

Selling of indulgences was prohibited , selling of church offices was discouraged

What was the Society of Jesuits?

A group of priests who emphasized missionary work and education; part of counter-reformation; helped recruit new Catholics

What device was crucial in kicking of the Reformation?

Printing press

Describe the German Peasants War of 1525.

Peasants raid monasteries, want to appoint pastors, refuse to pay taxes to church; revolt against Church turns into a revolt against the ruling class. Brutally put down.

What was the Colloquy of Marburg?

A meeting between Lutherans and Zwingli’s followers to reconcile their differences and unite but it failed.

What happened during the Edwardian Reformation?

The Anglican Church became more Protestant.

Who was Bloody Mary?

Mary Tudor. She slaughtered many to try turn England back toward catholism again. It was unsuccessful.

What was the Affair of the Placards?

A national crackdown on Protestants in France.

True or false? Wars over religion ended after the Reformation.

True

What was the list of books Catholics couldn’t read?

The Index of Forbidden books

What was the Imperial Diet of Worms?

A meeting where Luther was suppose to retract his statements about the Pope and recant. He didn’t. So Charles V issued the Edict of Worms which named Luther a criminal.

Who were the Anabaptists?

People who were rebaptized at adulthood. They separated church and state. Targeted by Protestants and Catholics alike.