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A religious movement of the 16th century that began as
an attemptto reform the Roman Catholic Church and
resulted in the creationof Protestant churches. |
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commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses, was written by Martin Luther in 1517 and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The disputation protests against clerical abuses, especially in regard to indulgences. . |
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On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints, the Castle Church, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. |
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In the Roman Catholic Church, a declaration by church authoritiesthat
those who say certain prayers or do good deeds will have
some or all of their punishment in purgatory remitted. |
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French theologian: a leader of the Protestant Reformation in
France and Switzerland, establishing the first
presbyteriangovernment in Geneva. His theological system
is described inhis Institutes of the Christian Religion. |
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The doctrine or belief, esp associated with Calvin, that the
final salvation of some of mankind is foreordained
from eternity by God |
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The reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation.
Aimed to increase faithamong church members,
get rid of some of the abuses to whichthe leaders of the
Reformation objected, and affirm some of theprinciples
rejected by the Protestant churches, such as venerationof the saints and acceptance
of the authority of the pope. ManyJesuits were leaders
of the Counter Reformation. |
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A member of the Reformed or Calvinistic communion of
France inthe 16th and 17th centuries; a french Protestant. |
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A law, promulgated by Henry IV in1598, granting
considerable religious and civil liberty to theHuguenots:
revoked by Louis XIV in 1685 |
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Under state control from 1480 to 1834,marked by the
extreme severity and cruelty of its proceedings inthe 16th century. |
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The Church of England and those churches that are in
communionwith it and each other and that share essentially
its doctrines andorder, as the Church of Ireland,
the Episcopal Church of Scotland,the Church of Wales,
and the Protestant Episcopal Church in theU.S. |
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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A massacre of over 3000 Huguenots, instigated by Catherine
deMédicis and begun in Paris on St. Bartholomew's Day,
August 24,1572. |
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With the supportof his Parliament, He established himself as
head of theChristian Church in England, in place of the pope
after the poperefused to allow his marriage to
Catherine of Aragon to bedissolved. Since that time,
except for a few years of rule underHenry's daughter
Mary I, who was a Roman Catholic, England hasbeen officially a Protestant nation. |
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English defeat of Spanish Armada |
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One of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations. |
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Mary Tudor, queen of England 1553-58, who earned her epithet for vigorous prosecution ofProtestants. |
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She established the Church of England(1559) and put an
end to Catholic plots, notably by executing
Mary Queen of Scots (1587) and defeating the
Spanish Armada(1588). Her reign was notable
for commercial growth, maritimeexpansion, and
the flourishing of literature, music, andarchitecture |
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A family that ruled England from the late fifteenth century
until thebeginning of the seventeenth century.
Queen Elizabeth I was a Tudor.
After the death of Elizabeth, who had no heirs,
the crown passed to the Stuarts of Scotland. |
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