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| Much Like italian humanism but with a focus on the origins of christianity (church fathers). Also instead of linear perspective the artists of the Christian Humanis movement focused on imperical detail. Through their studies of the orgins of Christianity northern humanists beleived that religion had been altered from the intended state. |
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| 1466-1536. The most influential of all christian humanists, he formulated and popularized the reform program of Christian Humanism. Wrote the "handbook of the chrsitian knight in 1503. Beleived in the philosphy of christ. de emphasized the external forms of religion like sacraments and relics. editet the greek text of the new testament and published it in 1516. laid the egg that luther hatched. |
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| by Desiderius Erasmus. 1511. The book engaged in humorous yet effective criticism of the most corrupt practices of his own society. |
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| the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, esp. by giving them jobs. |
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| the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices. |
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| Perfect example of nepotism, gave five of his nephews cardinalships and an abundance of chruch offices to build up their finances. |
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| Succesor of Julius and son of Lorenzo D'Medici. Acquired a refined taste in the arts. Started the jubilee indulgence to finance the construction of St. Peters Basilica and sparked Luther to write his ninety five theses. |
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| Downplayed the religious dogma and stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus. |
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| Born in 1483. founder of the Lutheran Church, leader of the reform movement. troubled by the question of whether or not he will be saved he devolped his theology of sola fide and sola scriptura which stated that the only way to salvation was through faith and scripture, not good works. Unwilling revolutionist. is movement started in Germany. |
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| latin for "only faith". one of the primary doctrines of Luther teachings. Means that only through faith, not good works, that a soul can be saved. |
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| latin for "only scripture" another one of Luthers main teachings. It means that only the scripture is the word of god, not any of the clergy including the pope and bishops. |
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| Pieces of paper sold by the Catholic church that promise to lessson the time spent in purgatory for either you or your family members. |
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| Pieces of paper sold by the Catholic church that promise to lessson the time spent in purgatory for either you or your family members. |
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| Published by Luther in 1517. a stunning indictment of the abuses in the sale of indulgences. |
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| rambunctious Dominican hawked indulgences in Germany with the slogan "as soon as the coin in the coffer rings the soul from purgatory springs." |
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| Charles V attempt at settling the lutehran problemm in 1530 where he demanded that th Lutheran return to the Catholic Church. Directly resulted in the Schmalkaldic league. |
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| The Babylonian Captivity of the Church |
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| Written by Luther in latin for theologians and attacked the sacramental system as the means by which the Pope and Church held the real menaing of the gospel. Challenged the idea of clergy not marrying. |
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| Against the robbing and murdering hordes of Peasants. |
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| written by luther in 1524. it was Luthers reaction to the peasant's revolt in Germany where he called on German Princes to "smite, slay, and stab" all peasants. |
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| Declared Luther an outlaw in Germany buy Charles V. Luthers works were to burned and Luther was to be killed. Luther escaped through his prince, the prince of saxony, and he his in Wartburg castle. |
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| One of the Doctrines of Catholicism that Luther denied. He asserted that instead of miraculously changing into thebody and blood of Christ but he continued to insist that the real presence of Jesus presence and forgiveness of sin |
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| Began the reformation in Switzerland. Strongly influenced evangelical reforms in zurich through his influence on the city council . |
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| 1529, produced no agreement between the swiss reform movement of Zwingli and the German reform movement of Luther. They were meant to join together to counteract the catholic cantons who might have formed an alliance with Habsburgs. |
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| 1529, produced no agreement between the swiss reform movement of Zwingli and the German reform movement of Luther. They were meant to join together to counteract the catholic cantons who might have formed an alliance with Habsburgs. |
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| These wars fought between Francis I of france and Charles V of all the surrounding territories. the two were rivals and fought over the territories that were disputed. this rivalry was fought over intermittently for 24 years and prevent Charles from focusing on squashing Luther. |
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| refers to a groupd of like minded groups made up of mostly poor people. they believed in adult baptism and that no one should be forced into religion. believed in something similar to a priesthood of all believers. |
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| responsible for the rejuvenation of dutch Anabaptism. Stressed the peaceful separation from the world to emulate Jesus. Basis for the amish and the menonites today. |
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| Devout Catholic who challenged Henry VIII break from the Catholic Faith. Former lord Chancellor. beheaded because of these ideas. |
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| Henry VIII first wife. was divorced by him as his first act as head of the anglican church. Failed to produce a son for him. Aunt of Charles V. |
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| Archbishop of Canterbury and the successor to Cardinal Wolsey who failed to void the marriage of king Henry and Catharine. Declared the marriage null and void himself and married Henry and Anne Boylan |
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| the act that made Henry the the supreme head of the Church in England in all areas |
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| the sickly son of Henry who was the son of henry and his third wife, Jane seymour. Because of his weak reign the council of regency was able to move the chruch of England in a more protestant direction. |
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| "Bloody Mary". Intended to restore england to Catholicism in England. Married Philip II. Through the loss of Cialis, the last english possesion in france and her burning of 300 protest heritics gave her the nickname "bloody". she ended up doing the opposite of what she intended. |
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| Leader of the second generation of reformers called calvinists. Influenced by Luther but differed from him in several areas such as the importance of predestination in his faith. |
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| the belief that God has chosen your path even before you were born. That humans have no control over their fate. |
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| the belief that God has chosen your path even before you were born. That humans have no control over their fate. |
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| The center for Calvinism. The city adopted calvinism as its main religion. |
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| The Ecclesiastical Ordinances |
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| Passed by the city council of Geneva in 1541. Created a church government that used both clergy and laymen in the service of the Church. |
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| The institutes of the Christian Religion |
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| a masterful synthesis of protestent thought. 1536. |
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| 1555 the end of religious warfare in Germany. Important turning point for the Reformation. Each ruler got to determine the religion of his people. Catholics and Lutherans were granted equal political standing. |
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| 1531. Fearful of Charles' intentions eight princes and eleven imperial cities formed the all lutheran defensive league. Protected each other when attacked. |
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| driven by a revived and reformed papacy the catholic reformation revived the best feature of medieval Catholicism and adjusted them to meet new conditions. |
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| Founder of the Society of jesuits. Soldier of god, submitted his will to the church. |
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| Founder of the Society of jesuits. Soldier of god, submitted his will to the church. |
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| An attempt at reconciling with protestants and accepting them back into the Church. It failed and the Catholic Church went back to its more conservative traditions. |
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| Called the council of trent in 1542 but it didnt actually happen until 1545 |
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| Cardinal that paid his way into office through the sla eof indulgences in his region. |
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| rebel leader in the peasant war. "strike while the iron is hot" |
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| the title given to Henry VIII by Leo X regarding his publication of a book speaking for the tradition of marriage. |
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