Term
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Definition
| losing electrons
X <--> Xn+ + n e– |
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Term
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Definition
| gaining electrons
Y + m e– <--> Ym– |
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Term
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Definition
| oxidation and reduction occuring simultaneously |
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Term
| oxidizer aka oxidizing agent |
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Definition
a substance that causes oxidation in something else, but is itself reduced
basically steals electrons from another atom |
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Term
| reducer aka reducing agent |
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Definition
| a substance that causes reduction, but is itself oxidized |
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Term
| oxidation state (or oxidation number) |
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Definition
the relative number of valence electrons in an atom as compared to a single atom of the element
the same as the charge for monoatomic ions |
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Term
| oxidation number rules in order of precedent |
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Definition
1: For atoms in neutral compounds, the total of all oxidation numbers (ox#’s) is zero.
For polyatomic or isolated ions, the total ox# count = overall charge on the ion
2: All group 1 metals (Li, Na, K, …) have ox# = +1,
All group 2 metals (Be, Mg, …) have ox# = +2
3: fluorines in compounds have ox# = –1
4: hydrogens in compounds have ox# = +1
(exception: H bound to metal have ox# = –1)
5: oxygens usually have ox# = –2
6: In compounds with metals, group 7A elements have ox# = –1, group
6A elements have ox# = –2, and group 5A elements have ox# = –3. |
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Term
| oxidation number of atoms in neutral compounds |
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Definition
| the total of all oxidation numbers (ox#’s) is zero |
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Term
| the oxidation number for polyatomic or isolated ions |
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Definition
| For polyatomic or isolated ions, the total ox# count = overall charge on the ion
examples:
total ox#(Fe2+) = +2,
total ox#(CO2) = 0
total ox#(CrO42-) = –2 |
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Term
| oxidation number of group 1 metals |
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Definition
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Term
| oxidation number of group 2 metals |
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Definition
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Term
| oxidation number of fluorines in compounds |
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Definition
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Term
| oxidation number of hydrogens in compounds |
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Definition
hydrogens in compounds have ox# = +1
(exception: H bound to metal have ox# = –1) |
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Term
| when H has an oxidation number of -1 |
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Definition
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Term
| the oxidation number of O |
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Definition
| oxygens usually have ox# = –2 |
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Term
| in metals, group 5A elements have an oxidation number of... |
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Definition
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Term
| in metals, group 6A elements have an oxidation number of... |
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Definition
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Term
| in metals, group 7A elements have an oxidation number of... |
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Definition
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Term
| maximum oxidation number of nonmetals |
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Definition
Group Number (old system)
Group Number – 10 (new system) |
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Term
| minimum oxidation number of nonmetals |
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Definition
Group Number - 8 (old system)
Group Number – 18 (new system) |
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