Is a test to determine a computer's intelligence.

It is performed bewteen one comupter and two humans. One human has a conversation with the other two to determine which one is a machine or human. It is based on how well the computer understands natural language.

Example: Elizza and Parry (kind of)

The language that computers use to process instructions.

 Machine language uses numeric codes to represent basic computer operations. Machine language is the most primitive form or lowest level of computer programing. Therefore, it is the most complex. It is considered the native language of the computer.

Examples: Compiled or Assembly Language

 The collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know.

The goal for this is to create a common knoweldge base: a database containing all the general knowledge that most people possess.
Exmaples: Cyc, Open Mind Common Sense, Concept Net, Thought Treasures

Identifiying recurring patterns in input data with the goal of understanding or categorizing that input.

Applications include face recognition, fingerprint recognition, data analysis, survellance satellite analysis.

Example: Types of pattern recognition: classification, regression, parsing

A database that contains both facts and a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among those facts.

The knowledge based systems are artificial intelligent tools working in a narrow domain to provide intelligent decisions with justification. Knowledge is acquired and represented using various knowledge representation techniques rules, frames and scripts.

Examples: Machine-readable knowledge bases or human-readable knowledge base 

 Refers to experience-based techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery. Heuristic methods are used to speed up the process of finding a good enough solution, where an exhaustive search is impractical.

Examples:method include using a "rule of thumb" an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, or common sense.

A computer systems expert who is trained in the field of expert systems.

A knowlege engineer interprest the presented information and relays it to computer programmers who code the information in to systems databases to be accessed by end-users. They are used primarily in the construction process of computer systems.

Examples: people who are knowledge engineers. That is thier job.