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| , officially the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had been newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War. Section VII of the Foraker Act also established Puerto Rican citizenship. [1]President William McKinley signed the act on April 12, 1900 [2] and it became known as the Foraker Act after its sponsor, Ohio Senator Joseph B. Foraker. |
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| The American Anti-Imperialist League |
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| was established in the United States on June 15, 1898 to battle the American annexation of the Philippines, officially called insular areas. opposed annexation on economic, legal, and moral grounds. |
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| TVA Tennessee valley authority |
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| progressive reformers urged completion of a dam at muscle shoals |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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public work relief program for unemployed men, focused on natural resource conservation from 1933 to 1942. As part of the New Deal legislation proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), the CCC was designed firstly, to aid relief of high unemployment stemming from the Great Depression and secondly, carry out a broad natural resource conservation program on national, state and municipal lands. Legislation to create the program was introduced by FDR to the 73rd United States Congress on March 21, 1933, and the Emergency Conservation Work Act, as it was known, was signed into law on March 31, 1933.[1] The CCC became one of the most popular New Deal programs among the general public and operated in every U.S. state and territories of Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The separate Indian Division was a major relief force for Native Americans.
Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under quasi-military discipline. At the time of entry, 70% of enrollees were malnourished and poorly clothed. Very few had more than a year of high school education; few had work experience beyond occasional odd jobs. The peace was maintained by the threat of "dishonorable discharge." There were no reported revolts or strikes. "This is a training station we're going to leave morally and physically fit to lick 'Old Man Depression,'" boasted the newsletter of a North Carolina camp. |
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| WPA works progress administration |
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| directed by harry hopkins. established work relief. |
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near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway was dynamited.[1] The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year. This Mukden Incident represented an early event in the Second Sino-Japanese War, although full-scale war would not start until 1937.
While the responsibility for this act of sabotage remains a subject of controversy, the prevailing view is that Japanese militarists staged the explosion in order to provide a pretext for war. |
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| A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960s. |
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| The Neutrality Acts were a series of acts created by the United States Congress that were geared toward keeping the United States out of another war. The acts passed between 1935 contained provisions limiting arms sales to nations that were not at war, gave the United States the power to keep citizens from traveling on belligerent ships or to belligerent nations, prohibited loans to belligerent nations and nations that were not repaying previous debts, and forbade American shipping to carry arms to belligerents. |
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| Black Tuesday was October 29, 1929, the day the New York Stock Exchange crashed. marked the beginning of the Great Depression, a period of economic hardship in the United States lasting from 1929 to 1939. |
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| A bill passed during the administration of former U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in reaction to the financially adverse conditions of the Great Depression. The measure, which called for a four-day mandatory shutdown of U.S. banks for inspections before they could be reopened, sought to re-instill investor confidence and stability in the banking system. |
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| guaranteed right to join unions and collective bargaining...is struck down by supreme court |
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| NRA National Recovery Administration |
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| june 1933...publicworksadministration monitors the NRAs spending....NRA led by hugh s johnson. |
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battle between Nazi Germany and its allies and the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia. The battle took place between 17 July 1942 and 2 February 1943, during World War II.
The results of these operations are often cited as a turning point of World War II. The Battle of Stalingrad was the bloodiest battle in modern history, with combined casualties estimated to be nearly 2 million. The battle was marked by brutality and disregard for military and civilian casualties by both sides. The German offensive to take Stalingrad, the battle inside the city, and the Soviet counter-offensive which eventually trapped and destroyed the 6th Army and other Axis forces around the city, was the first large-scale German defeat of World War II.[10][11] Soviet and Russian studies identify ten campaigns, strategic and operational level operations. |
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| was passed by the Congress of the United States on September 14, 1940,[1] becoming the first peacetime conscription in United States history when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed it into law two days later. |
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| los angeles geopolitics and the zoot suit riot |
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| u.s. lended money which came back through reparations |
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| Reconstruction finance corp |
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| an independent agency of the United States government chartered during the administration of Herbert Hoover in 1932. It was modeled after the War Finance Corporation of World War I. The agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, farm mortgage associations, and other businesses. |
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| standard oil was his company that used coporate consolidation to gain a corporate empire |
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| What were The Fourteen Points |
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| listed in a speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson to Congress January 1918 to assure the Great War was being fought for moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. The common people of Europe welcomed Wilson as a hero but his Allied colleagues (Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando) remained skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism |
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| elimination of tribal ownership of land |
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| the economisti who articulated anew view of leisure and said modern industrial societies could create enough wealth to satisfy not just the needs, but also the desires of all |
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| created one of the first american department stores |
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| head of the National Women's Party ... argued that the 19th amendment alone was not enough to protect womens rights....that women needed a contitutional amendment that would provide clear legal protection for their rights and would prohibit all discrimination on the basis of sex |
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| elected officials hired an outside expert to take charge of the govt. |
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| state level reformer who turned wisconsin into a "laboratory of progressivism" |
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| du bois launched an open attack on washington's "atlanta compromise" |
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| women's christian temperance union(frances Willard)...joined by the anti saloon league they pressed for abolition of saloons |
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| his 1909 book The Promise of American Life became an influential progressive document |
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| What were the six causes of the depression? |
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Lack of Diversification in Economy
Weakened Consumer Demand
international trade position
Credit Structure
International Debt Structure
Stock Market Crash |
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| the notorious purple gang detroits all jewish prohibition era mob |
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| received 60% of the national vote and 404 electoral votes, an unprecedented margin of victory. Cox received 34% of the national vote and 127 electoral votes. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, campaigning from a federal prison, received 3% of the national vote. |
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| McCarran Internal Security Act |
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| all communist organizations required to register with the government |
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| women's army auxillary core |
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| bombing of a military and industrial target, which was a major rail transportation and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort.[4] Against this, several researchers have argued that not all of the communications infrastructure, such as the bridges, were in fact targeted, nor were the extensive industrial areas outside the city centre.[5] It has been argued that Dresden was a cultural landmark of little or no military significance |
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| major German offensive launched towards the end of World War II through the forested Ardennes Mountains region of Belgium |
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| yalta and potsdam conferences |
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united nations is established in the soviet city of _ _ _ _ _....discussing Europe's postwar reorganization. Mainly, it was intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations conquered by Germany.
President Harry S Truman. Stalin, Churchill, and Truman—as well as Attlee, who replaced Churchill as Prime Minister[3] after the Labour Party's victory over the Conservatives in the 1945 general election—had gathered to decide how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, on May 8 (V-E Day). The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of war. |
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| anticommunist pro-western govt. ... south korea |
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| Atomic Energy COmmission established |
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| for nuclear research. (truman administration) |
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| The Iran crisis in 1946 stemmed from a Soviet refusal to relinquish Iranian territories occupied by the Red Army since 25 August 1941. The Shah of Iran, Reza Shah Pahlavi, was known to harbor pro-German sympathies[citation needed], so, after the German invasion of the USSR in June 1941, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union occupied Iran as a preventative measure. Another purpose although not publicly stated, was the need to use Iranian territory as a gateway for delivery of Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union. The Shah was deposed and sent into exile in Mauritius. His son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, assumed the Peacock Throne as the new king. Throughout the rest of the war, the United Kingdom and the United States used Iran as an important supply line to the Soviet war effort against Germany. |
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| Sec. of State george marshall's plan for economic assistance to europe (12 billion) |
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| National Security Act of 1947 |
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signed by United States President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947, and realigned and reorganized the U.S. Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II. The majority of the provisions of the Act took effect on September 18, 1947, the day after the Senate confirmed James Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense.
The Act merged the Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment, headed by the Secretary of Defense. It was also responsible for the creation of a separate Department of the Air Force from the existing Army Air Forces. Initially, each of the three service secretaries maintained quasi-cabinet status, but the act was amended on August 10, 1949, to assure their subordination to the Secretary of Defense. At the same time, the NME was renamed as the Department of Defense.
Aside from the military reorganization, the act established the National Security Council, a central place of coordination for national security policy in the executive branch, and the Central Intelligence Agency, the States' first peacetime intelligence agency.
The act and its changes, along with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, were major components of the Truman administration's Cold War strategy.
The bill signing took place aboard Truman's C-54 presidential aircraft |
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| made the closed shop illegal |
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| former high ranking member of the state department...congressman nixon helped get hiss convicted of perjury |
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held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was present. It succeeded the Cairo Conference and was followed by the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference. The chief discussion was centered on the opening of a second front in Western Europe. At the same time a separate protocol pledged the three countries to recognize Iran's independence:
"The Three Governments realize that the war has caused special economic difficulties for Iran, and they are agreed that they will continue to make available to the Government of Iran such economic assistance as may be possible, having regard to the heavy demands made upon them by their world-wide military operations, and to the world-wide shortage of transport, raw materials, and supplies for civilian consumption." (Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding Iran—December 1, 1943)
The central aim of the conference was to plan the final strategy for the war against Nazi Germany and its allies. |
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| following the battle of leyte gulf the largest naval battle in history, marines seized the tiny volcanic island of iwo jima, but only after the costliest battle in the history of the marine corps |
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| russian satellite.. first earth orbitting satellite ever launched into space |
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| why did the soviet union fail in the late 80s? |
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