Term
| Final Count of ATP and its efficiency. |
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Definition
| Glycolysis: 2 ATP + 2 NADH (3x2 = 6 ATP), Krebs: 2 ATP + 8 NADH (8x3 = 24 ATP) + 2 FADH2 (2x2 = 4 ATP) Total: 38 ATP! Efficiency: 30 kJ/mol x 38 = 1140 kJ/mol but Glucose is 2870 kJ/mol so 1140/2870 = ~40/41% efficient. |
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Term
| What happens in absence of oxygen/anaerobic conditions? |
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Definition
| Lactic Acid fermentation: control mechanism to avoid NADH buildup in some mammal tissue and bacteria. 1. Glucose ends up at 2 Pyruvate after making NADH from oxidizing. 2. Pyruvate then becomes Lactate after NADH oxidizes to form NAD+ again 3. This cycle repeats because lactate can turn into pyruvate to be used later. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyruvate emits 2CO2, and oxidizes 2 NADH into 2 NAD+ to make ethanol (alcohol) through the help of yeast (a fungal enzyme) |
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Term
| Anaerobic Respiration in prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| Involves the electron transport chain in the cell membrane (not mitochondria). Anaerobic prokaryotes use Sulfur and such as final electron acceptor. Marshes smell because finale stage of ETC is not oxygen, but is sulfut (smelly hydrogen sulfide) |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in newborns, hibernating mamals and migratory birds. Generate body heat, higher levels of mithochondria and lots of capillaries to keep warm. In endothermal animals, uncoupling proteins allow protons to seep through the membrane without ATP synthase, energy then released in the form of heat (non-shivering thermogenesis). Thermal energy through membrane is brown fat. |
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