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Histories of Gargatua and Pantagruel
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The praise of Folly
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repuesta a sor filotea reply to sister filotea |
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oroonko or the royal slave |
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dialogue concerning two chief world systems the discerning reader the first day |
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the second treatise of government |
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Answers to the Question:what is enlightenment |
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A treatise of human nature of the understanding |
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A vindication of the rights of woman |
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Declaration of Independence Declaration of the rights of man |
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Lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey |
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Johann wolfgang von goethe |
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ozymandias England in 1819 Ode to the West Wind |
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Ode the Grecian Urn To Autumn |
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Reason in History The idea of History and its Realization |
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Karl Marx Fredrich Engels |
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"I felt a funeral in my brain" "Theres a certain slant of light" "I heard a fly buzz when i died" "Because i could not stop for death" |
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NArrative of the life of Fredrick Douglas, an American slave |
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"On the duty of civil disobedience" |
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Notes from the underground |
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Civilization and its discontents |
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The second Coming Sailing to Byzantium |
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A love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock |
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Their Eyes were watching God |
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The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas |
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Malcolm X and Alex Halley |
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The autobiography of Malcom X "Saved" |
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"Letter from Birmingham Jail" |
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The Humanism of Existentialism |
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One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich |
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Historians of the Renaissance |
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recently concluded it was marked as much by continuity as by change |
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The Peace of Lodi signed in 1454 |
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brought on several decades of peace in Italian peninsula |
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The most significant consequence of Renaissance warfare was the |
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development of diplomacy as an alternative to war |
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What was a civic humanist |
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proponent of idea that educated citizenry enhanced the community |
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Laura Cereta in her own defense claimed that she |
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was a typical woman in that she was capable of learning |
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Among other definitions studia humanitatis means |
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study of ancient greek and roman texts |
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Vittorino de Feltre contributed to the early Renaissance as a |
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founder of school for humanistic studies |
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Early Renaissance neo-platonism |
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taught that platonic love was superior to erotic love |
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The cultural center of High Renaissance was |
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The High Renaissance style can be characterized by |
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holding up ideals of beauty and serenity |
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Which of the following was an important development in international relations during the High Renaissance |
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the birth of the concept of balance of power |
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Who designed catapults, giant crossbows, and cannon keen understanding of how weaponry could transform warfare |
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Which of following artists included philosophy, poetry, theology, and law in his plan for the four walls of the stanza della segnatura in the papal chambers |
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Which of the following socio economic development of the period |
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establishing slavery in us territories |
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Which of the following artists created the tempietto to mark the site of the martyrdin if st peter |
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Mannerist viewpoint was anti-classical in its |
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support for art of odd perspectives and distortions |
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Who among the following was not an expert violin maker |
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advocated education of women platonic love charming hostess |
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Machiavelli political advice |
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concious duplicity all matters |
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Da Vinci's Mona Lisa new way to paint portrait |
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half-length, not full length view of his subject |
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Raphael demonstrates well-ordered space in painting |
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Venetian Art famous tradition of |
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Giorgione's painting the tempest |
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makes landscape the real subject of the work[image]makes landscape the real subject of the work |
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Parmigiannos Madonna of the Long neck is mannerist in its |
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classical ideal manifested in Michelangelo's David? |
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graceful contrapposto, heroic nudity, athletic muscular bod
Â
[image][image]
[image][image] |
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Michelangelos outstanding architectural monument |
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[image]dome of St perters basilica, Rome |
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Basic plan of Villa Rotonda |
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four identical wings surrounding a domed central area
[image] |
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School dominated High-Renaissance music? |
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Dominant composer of high renaissance was |
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Both Chrisitan Humanism and Renaissance thought |
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emphasized classical studies |
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What was ultimate goal of Christian "humanists |
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restored, revitalized Christianity |
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How did Reblais differ from other Northern Humanists |
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often made obscene references |
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alienated catholics and protestants |
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In his "Essays" Montaigne viewed the world and human nature |
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with some hope for survival but his skepticism prevented him from having too much faith |
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reached new heights in the verbal arts, particularly in theater |
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Mannerist feature in Shakespeares hamlet |
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moody hamlet often seems to change his personality |
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Protestant reformation affected painting and sculpture how |
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zealous protestants destroyed some works of art |
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Whose paintings continued in late gothic style rather than a northern development of Renaissance tendencies |
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Grunewald, Matthias
[image] |
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Besides paintings Durer is known for |
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techniques Heironymous Bosch borrow from Flemish art |
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sweeping landscapes, precise detail
[image] |
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Bosch's "garden of earthly delights" |
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garden of eden, garden fleshly sins, hell |
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Peter Bruegel's paintings were |
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efforts capture ordinary lives of peasants
[image] |
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which did not contribute to disentigration of Catholic church |
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external threat from Islam, middle east
(growing corruption, rise of sov states, humanism did) |
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university MArtin Luter associated with when he published 95-thesis |
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One event upset Luther led to Protestant Reformation |
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selling of indulgences in Germany |
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In searching for answers to sin, Luther found answers in |
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biblical passages stressin power of faith |
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Lutheran reforms positively affected women by: |
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enabling clergy men to marry-respectability to marriage |
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Calvin's concept of predistination |
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only god knew who was saved or not |
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Who found Angelicanism, why |
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Henry VII, to divorce catholic wife, remarry, male heir |
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Council of trent accomplishment |
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salvation should be sought by faith and good works |
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When catholics and protestants failed to resolve differences |
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turned to warfare and alliances |
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Spanish Mannerist who captured spirit Catholic Reformation |
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Who is credited with reviving spanish theatre in sixteenth century |
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New literary genre flourished in spain 16th century |
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specialized in word-paintings musical illustrations of written text |
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Not true late 16th century catholic church music |
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clarity of words sacrificed to musical sounds
(true: more simple, council trent music should be easily understood by illiterate masses, palistrina set standard) |
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Song type most expressive late 16th century music |
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Which of following is trye |
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all of above catholic counter reformation set path for church until 1960s lutheran school teachers were employees of the state rather than church legacy northern humanism -raitonal morals and simple faith-ignored by catholics and protestants till 18th century |
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most spectacular rep of absolutism in baroque age |
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Politics and Power in 17th century |
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heads of state claimed power by divine right argument |
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During Louis XIV reign
economic policy: |
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govt empasized power and glory of the king
mercantilism |
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over course of 17th century, England |
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underwent power struggle between parliament and monarchy |
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by 1715 government should rest on consent of governed was established in |
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30-years was fought largely in |
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made pikemen obsolete marked end of medieval military equip and infantry |
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product of counter-reformation |
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fit well with absolutist policies of Lpuis XIV |
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keeping with protestant culture |
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Council of Trent led church leaders to call for new art portrayed |
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saints enthralled ecstatic states |
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Gentilischi painting style |
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master of printmaking able to support himself- higher prices for printmaking than paintings |
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rembrandt van Rijn
[image] |
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Ecstasy of St Teresa, "Bernini was able to |
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capture moment when saint senses holy spirit
[image] |
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Pozzo's allegory of Missionary Work of the Jesuits illustrates baroque love of |
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Boroque theme, Valazquez's Las Meninas, maids of honor |
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interplay space and illusion
[image] |
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Ruben's paintings known for their |
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selected models from streets, chariascuro, banished landscape from his canvas |
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The Education of Maria de Medici can be characterized by |
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work that combines roman mythology with queens life |
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Flemish, studied under rubens, court painter England's Charles I |
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Netherlands in 17th century |
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dominated by sober values of calvinist religion |
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Dutch painted Vermeers specialized in |
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Painting in 17th century England |
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controlled by courtly and restrained taste of aristocracy |
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Inspiration dome St Pauls Cathedral, london was dome of |
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Baroque writers made contribution all following except |
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romance (true:tragedy, comedy, epic) |
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at court of King Louis XIV in Versailles |
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Not true about 17th centure drama |
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dealt with lives of ordinary people |
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standardization of pitches of notes, musical scale and tuning of keyboard instruments |
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satiric comedies exposed follies of french society |
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2 late baroque composers flourished after 1715 were |
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Judith lesters career as dutch artist brought her fame and fortune equal to any male painter |
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Aristolian physics and astronomy transmitted to west through |
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roman and islamic culture |
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Theory universe earth centered |
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Ptolomey can be describes as |
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man who modified aristotles geocentric model |
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Central characteristic of medieval science |
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identified Aristotles unmoved mover with God |
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In Aristotles system of cosmology which was considered not a planet |
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Middle Ages, Aristolian science undermined by |
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application of inductive reasoning |
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Scientist disproved Galen's theory about circulation of blood |
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Copernicus explanation of universe described as |
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revival of an ancient greek theory |
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How did religious leaders react to Copernicus theory |
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Definition
Catholics and Protestant initially rejected it, but protestants, lacking a central authority accomodated selve to his thinking |
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Tycho Brahe contributed Scientific revolution |
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amassing copious observations of planetary movement |
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Kepler's scientific research |
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sun-centered universe could be understood in mathematical terms |
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Prior to modern times knowledge human body limited because |
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ignorance due to church prohibit dissection human medical schools relied on animal dissection galen was supreme authority, often wrong all of above |
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William harvey and Isaac Newton |
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used mathematics to prove their theories |
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only chemical reactions that happened naturally and could be analyzed mathematically |
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Marcello Malpighi's contribution study of human body |
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Not source Francis Bacon fame |
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Scientific work of Rene Descartes |
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Descartes in search for truth Dualism |
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concluded he existed because his mind questioned material world and human mind are seperate |
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Major source 17th century political thought |
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periods scientific discoveries |
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Grotius founded his politics in belief in |
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Bishop Bossuet's argument divine rights of kings rested on |
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god gave certain men right to rule |
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Major contribution of Fontonelle |
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explain to public the findings of 17th century science |
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master of printmaking able to support himself- higher prices for printmaking than paintings |
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individual should be free from external control |
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Red shirts liberated kingdom of 2 Sicilies |
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19th century Europe, liberalism most successful in |
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engineered unification of germany |
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Realpolitik powerful impact on |
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unification of germany campaign |
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American civil war immediate consequence |
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Heart of 19th century liberalism |
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Seeds of WWI sown in part by |
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Prussias humiliating defeat of france |
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Bentham's belief society should be based on "utility" |
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Definition
greatest happiness greatest number |
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Voting rights 18 years olds |
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urged reform based on model communities |
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Marx theorized history propelled by |
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Set Evangelicals apart from liberal protestants |
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insistance paramount authoirity of Holy Scriptures |
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"Higher Criticsism" 19th century intellectual movement |
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Definition
studied bible not as divinely inspired book incapable of error simply as set of writings open to different interpretations |
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Between 1830 and 1871 all of these scientific advancements made except |
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Definition
interior structure of an atom |
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Definition
marshaled data to support theory of evolution |
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established germ theory of disease |
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Manet's Bar at the Folies-Bergere |
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Definition
caught gaudy atmosphere of a popular entertainment center
[image] |
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French art in age of Bourgoise was |
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Definition
subject to pressures from official govt agencies |
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Romantic novelists concentrated on |
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feelings of their characters |
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19th century philosophical movement: Divinity manifests itself in many forms, including physical universe |
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Definition
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19th century writer inspired Martin Luther King's protest marches |
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19th centure writer called "first modern, liberated woman" |
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Definition
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English Realist with the largest audience |
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Definition
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Flaubert, Madame Bovary heroine |
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woman caught up in her unrealistic dreams |
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innovation of Doestoevesky, Russian Realist |
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War and Peace masterpiece of |
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Definition
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Definition
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1st great modern book person of color |
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Narrative life of Fredrick DOuglas |
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LEading neoclassical painter 1830-1871 |
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Definition
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Leading figure Barbizan school |
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realism in painting
[image] |
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Key element Daumier's approach to painting |
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Definition
his satirical eye
[image] |
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Definition
a member of realists school who was influenced by science
[image] |
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In what since Manet first modern painter |
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"art for art's sake" originator
[image] |
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19th century photographer made famous photograph Ab Lincoln during run for pres |
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Definition
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use of folk songs and ethnic dance rythymms |
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Who wrote under pen name George Eliot |
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Definition
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Composer who opposed Wagner |
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Definition
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period between 1760-1830 best described as a time when |
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Definition
middle class began to win power from the aristocracy |
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Term
Major events Industrial revolution in English cloth making |
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Definition
invention of steam engine by James Watt |
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Term
Industrial Revolution began in England because |
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Definition
its colonial empire was a source of raw material |
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Term
Adam Smith's wealth of Nations |
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Definition
emphasized concept englightened self interest |
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Term
Malthus's "law of population held that |
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Definition
population growth will enivitably outstip food production, leading to natural calamity, war, famine, plague |
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Term
Recardo's "iron law of wages" |
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Definition
held that wages of workers always hover around the subsistance level |
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Term
economic conclusions of MAlthus and Ricardo |
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Definition
led many to believe that the workers deserved what they got |
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Term
Europe by 1830 can be described as a continant that |
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Definition
was divided into two political camps, liberals and conservatives |
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Term
Major issue dividing England and her colonies in 1776 |
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Definition
taxes and cost of upkeep of the colonies |
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Term
Outcome of American Revolution |
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Definition
new country most democratic since ancient Athens |
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Term
France under Louis XVI can be described as a |
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Definition
nation with large national debt |
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Term
Major accomplishment of french revolution |
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Definition
creation limited constitutional monarchy |
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Term
Second phase of French Revolution can be described as |
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Definition
a period of extreme change |
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Term
One of Napoleans major domestic reforms |
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Definition
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Declaration of the Rights of man and citizen included guarntee of |
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Definition
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Term
One major change in Europe between 1789 and 1815 was the |
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Definition
Influence of Napoleons reforms in much of western and central Europe |
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Term
In period from 1815-1830, Europe |
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Definition
accepted some changes and rejected other changes started by the French Revolution |
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Term
Neoclassicsm in Literature continued after 1800 in works of |
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Definition
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Term
Frances revolutionary leaders favored neoclassism because |
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Definition
they thought the style morally uplifting |
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Term
David's painting The Coronation can be described as |
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Definition
a work of political propaganda
[image] |
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Term
French painter Ingres best remembered as |
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Definition
a portrait painter who caught his subjects distinctive appearance and social class markers
[image] |
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Term
Who introduce neo-classical architecture to United States |
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Definition
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Term
Romantic writers and artists expressed |
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Definition
an admiration of creative non-conformity |
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Term
The Sturm and Drang movement |
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Definition
storm and stress, started in Germany none correct
[image] |
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Term
Relationship between romanticisism and nationalism |
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Definition
intertwined in their early years |
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Term
English literary Romanticism was launched by the writings of |
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Definition
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Novel exemplifies romantic reaction against enlightement rationalism is |
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Definition
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Major ways nature represented in romantic painting |
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Definition
pastoral and sublime
[image] |
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Term
Themes and subjects in Romantic paintings |
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Definition
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Term
In his paintings Constable., |
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Definition
emphasized the play of sunlight
[image] |
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Term
Which painters use of color anticipated the impressionists |
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Definition
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Term
Painter exemplifed romantic style in Germany |
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Definition
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Term
Gericaults painting of the Raft of the Medusa portrays theme of the |
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Definition
breakdown of civilization
[image] |
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Term
The painting Liberty leading the people by Delacroix |
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Definition
combines realism and naturalism
[image] |
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Term
German Idealism distinguishes between |
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Definition
the world that can be understood by science and world understood by intuition |
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Term
Hegel's ideas influenced which of the following groups |
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Definition
MArxists, who borrowed concept of dialectic operating in history |
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Which composer most famous for perfecting the art song, or lied |
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symbolized romantic rebel willing to try anything |
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Romanticism grew out of the |
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rejection of enlightenments ideas |
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According to Hegel history revolves around |
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Modernism was a cultural movement that |
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rejected both greco-roman classiscm and the judeo-christian tradition |
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3 major forces helped shape events between 1871 and 1914 were |
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imperialism, militarism, and nationalism |
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Comparing first and second industrial revolutions |
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Scientific research played a larger role in the second revolution than in the first industrial revolution |
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In the period between 1871 and 1914, many Europeans moved to the cities because |
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urban jobs paid better than those in the country |
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Women in growing second industrial revolution |
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found new careers, including teaching, nursing, and retailing |
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Social change between 1871 and 1914 |
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establishment of public school system |
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France, Great Britain, Russia |
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Unlike Germany and France, Great Britian during the 1871-1914 period |
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had more success reforming the living conditions of the poor |
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City that epitomized modernism |
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As Industrial revolution came to Russia |
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government became more represive and dictatorial |
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one of major causes of late 19th century imperialism |
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industrialized nations required new markets |
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Who developed theory of universal collective unconcious |
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Immediate cause of WWI was a quarrel between |
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Early modernism yearning to move to an uncertain future with an optimism was reinforced by |
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advances in science and technology |
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Neitzche's life and thought are ironical in what way |
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although opponent of strong german state, his writings were later taken up by the nazies, for unified germany |
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explored beneath the surface of human motives to find underlying truth |
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Freud though human personality was |
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the product of an inescabable struggle between inborn instincts and culturaly created conciousness |
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3 styles of early modenrist literature were |
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naturalism, decadence, expressionism |
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Kate Chopin can be described as |
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writer moving away from romanticism toward realism and naturalism |
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Zola's novels express naturalism by |
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exploring serious social issues |
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Ibsen's the doll's house is written in which style |
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The hero in Huysman's Against nature expresses what decadence means by |
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cultivationg unfashionable exotic pleasures |
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Example of expressionism in literature |
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Strindberg's the dream play |
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Kafka's Metamorphisis and the Trial modernist theme |
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person victimized by forces beyond the individual humans control |
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First scientist to win two nobel prize |
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Max Plack is credited with |
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establishing quantum theory of radiation |
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explained behavior of electrons at subatomic level |
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groundbreaking research became basis new science of genetics |
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Impressionist painters were innovative because they painted out of doors, they were influenced by |
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although first critics of impressionist painting ridiculed style monets painting impression:sunrise |
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[image]became rallying cry for fellow artists |
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moving beyond impressionism to greater concentration on form |
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one result of impressionist movement |
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art was freed to move in many directions |
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LEading painters of post-impressionism |
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cezANNE, gaugin, van gogh |
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Cezannes paintings pointed the way to 20th centuries |
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Van Gogh launched postimpressionist trend in painting called |
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Expressionism in painting means |
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representing the emotions |
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1st impresionist artist to imitate ukiyo-e prints |
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Architect coined phrase form follows function |
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defined domestic architecture in 1910, disciple of sullivan |
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defined public building for 20th century |
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arnold schoenburd and igor stravisky wrote atonal ballads |
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3 unique contributions to western music by americans |
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an era when the masses became powerful historical force |
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pioneer stream of conciousness |
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novel debt to hardboiled detective fiction |
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hemingways the sun also rises |
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modernist symbol reflected hollowness of contemporary life |
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anguish as black man in a white world |
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Brechts three penny opera |
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authors philosophy groundwork for logical positivism |
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individual responsibility |
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school of philosophy concerned with defining terms and clarifying statmenets |
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scientist head team 1st atomic bomb |
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1st art style launched by young soviet uniion |
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modrian stij movement, composition blue and yellow |
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protest against francos unbridled warfare, modernist cubist style, conflict totalitarianism and human freedom
[image] |
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international-style architecture characterized by |
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pioneered montage technique |
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photographs farm security administration |
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duke ellingtons such sweet thunder inspired by |
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composers mechanical ballet inspired by machine-oriented culture |
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greatest legacy mass culture 20th century orson welle film |
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created ballet draws on a shaker folk tune |
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country not apart of american bloc cold war |
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not a reason cold war excalated |
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creation of the common market |
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not original member of of common market |
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mao zedong socialist system |
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characteristic late modernism |
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investing works with spiritual metaphysical meaning |
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civilizations arise from deep seeded modes of thought |
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revival of feminist movement |
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earliest theorist black identity |
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the fall, camus dealt with |
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Assination MLK influence james baldwin |
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realistic existential nobels about intellectual fragmentation in the modern world |
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shared existentialism bleak vision |
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New york museum elevated avant garde |
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jacksons pollocks drip paintingq |
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liberates the spirit of the artist |
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jasper johns and robert rauschenberg |
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louise nevelson, scupltor |
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style remeniscent of abstract expressionism
[image] |
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insists on God behing God |
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coined term "leap of faith" |
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deeper linguistic structure inuitively grasped |
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too much rage for white literary critics |
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trials of salem, sybolize communist investigation undertaken by activities committee |
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artist guided by "truth of materials" |
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angry young men movement (play) |
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artist birthed "hard edge" |
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scoffed at by critics connected it to dada |
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neorealism film movement director |
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post modern literture latin american made famous by |
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maxine hong kingston writings |
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evils racism, exploitation in america |
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opera marco polo- asian cultures |
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phillip pearlstein famous paintings |
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art styles of post modernism |
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neorealism,neoexpressionism, neoclassicim |
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classical aspect of post modernism |
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philip c johnsons At&T building |
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philip glass john adams composers famous for |
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young british artists YBA |
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attention grabbing associated with scandal |
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peace treaties israel 1970's |
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theocratic government after shah deposed 1979 |
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unlike cold war, war on iraq |
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paradigm shift exchange of one worldview for another |
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1983 black woman abused by black men victimized by white society |
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book length poem revisted homers epics carribean 1900s |
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artist horse dominant subject |
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late modern abtraction, leading post WWII african american painters |
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artist designed most visited monument in us |
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rock and roll hall of fame cleveland ohio |
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first woman archtect receive prtizker prize |
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""refers to lower-middle and working class- an era when masses became powerful historical force |
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spring 1917 event occurred helped determine outcome of WWI |
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Definition
russian revolution and U.S. entry in war on side of allies |
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democratic system in German between Versailles treaty and rise of Hitler |
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Which became totalitarian after WW1 |
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european country suffered most from great depression |
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lenin and marx agreed about all of following except |
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dedicated communist elite is necessary to to initiate revolutionary change |
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Fascit leader of Italy 1930s |
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WWII began with Germany's invasion of |
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Pioneer stream of conciousness writing |
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Definition
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Which novel owed debt to popular hard-boiled detective fiction in 1930s |
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Definition
Hemingway's "The Sun also rises" |
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Novel was a satire of Stalinist Russia |
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Definition
Orwells "Animal Farm" "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole."
The Soviet Union he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship, built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as his novel "contre Stalin" [4] |
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Langston Hughes Poetry refelected |
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his anguish at being a black man in a white world |
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author groundwork of logical positivism |
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Head of team that built first atomic bomb |
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Bayles Historical and critical dictionary can best be described as |
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an encylopedic work arragned in a systematic form |
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philosopes all of following reforms except |
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Definition
womens suffrage
did call for (religious toleration, education, rational justice system |
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god created universe set certain laws of natur ein motion and therafter never interfered
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newton's theory of the universe |
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monunmental work 17 texts |
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___ as a limited monaarchy became a model for philosophes |
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Engravers mezzontint technique came from |
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originators of laisez fair economics |
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physiocrats and adam smith |
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EMpress MAria thesa of Austria |
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Definition
attempted to reform her government and army |
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Outstanding example of enlightened despotism in Age of reaosn |
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Originator of rococo style painting |
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Wattieau specialized in antics of the aristocracy |
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splendid example of rococo interior |
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salon de la princesse- hotel, paris |
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Technological inovation associated with Hogarth's art |
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Definition
first to run off multiple engravings of his paintings |
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which painting style Jacques louis David primary exponent |
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Montesqui's most enduring idea in the spirit of the laws is that |
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seperationg of power and prevent govt from becoming tyrannical |
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Age of reason new literary form |
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Eitenth century novelists generally wrote about |
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