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| Subject of a text, or what the text is about |
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| The most important point being made by the author |
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| Provide evidence and backing for the main idea |
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| An issue, an idea, or a question raised by the text. Not usually expressed directly. |
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| An authors stance/bias on what they are writing about |
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| An authors purpose for writing. Entertain, Informative, and Persuasive. Understanding the format of the text can indicate different types of purposes. |
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| The author attempts to change the reader's mind or convince him of something he did not believe previously |
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| A text written to educate and enlighten the reader |
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| Characterized by colorful language, imagination, images and analogies |
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Cause- an act or event that makes something happen
Effect- the thing that happens as a result of that cause |
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| the perspective from which a text is told |
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| Words and phrases used to guide the reader through the text |
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| A narrative passage is a story. It must have a plot, or series of events, and it must have characters that participate in those events. |
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| Aims to inform and enlighten the reader. It is nonfiction and usually centers around a simple, easily defined topic. Often times these passages are very dull. |
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| written to describe a complex object or process. Common in medical and technological fields. Follows logical order and often times has clear headings and subheadings, as well as bullet points. |
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| is meant to change the reader's mind or lead her into agreement with the author |
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| when an author is unfair on inaccurate in his or her presentation. Can be intentional or unintentional. |
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| Is like a bias, except that it is specifically applied to a group or place |
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A logical fallacy where the author suggests that two things are similar, when in fact they are different
Example: Failing to tip a waitress is like stealing money out of somebody's wallet. |
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A logical fallacy where an argument refers to itself as evidence of truth
Example: Poverty is a problem for society because it creates trouble for people throughout the community. |
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A logical fallacy where the author creates an artificial sense that there are only two possible alternatives in a situation.
Example: You need to go to the party with me, otherwise you'll just be bored at home. |
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A logical fallacy in which the author makes a claim that is so broad it cannot be proved or disproved
Example: Everybody knows that she is a terrible teacher. |
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A logicical fallacy where the author says that if something happens, it automatically means that something else will happen as a result, even though this may not be true
Example: If you study hard, you will ace the test. |
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| A logicial fallacy that draws a conclusion too early, without finishing analyzing the details of the argument. |
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| The author presents information in the order that it happended |
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| Information that supports a main point or points in a story, and can help lead the reader to a conclusion. It must be precise, descriptive, and factual. |
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| When the author is knoledgeable and objective, or unbiased |
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things that the author does not state driectly, but which can be assumed based on what the author does say
Example: "I stepped outside and opened my umbrella. By the tiem I got to work, the cuffs on my pants were soaked."
The implication is that it is raining. |
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