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Definition
| a solution in which water is the solvent |
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| a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount |
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| the dissolving medium of a solution; is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount |
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| a solute that produces ions in solution; an electrolytic solution conducts and electric current |
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Definition
| a substance that is completely ionize in solution |
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Definition
| a substance that only partly ionizes in solution |
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| a substance that does not ionize in water and consequently gives a nonconcluding solution |
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| the clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle |
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Definition
| a state of dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of the products of a reaction from the reactants equals the rate of formation of the reactions from the balance |
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Definition
| a reaction that occurs between substances in solution in which one of the products is insoluble |
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| an insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution |
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Definition
| the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution |
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| exchange reactions (metathesis reactions) |
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Definition
| a reaction between compounds that when written as a molecular equation appears to involve the exchange of ions between the two reactants |
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Definition
| a chemical equation in which the formula for each substance is written without regard for whether it is an electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte |
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Definition
| a chemical equation in which dissolved strong electrolytes (such as dissolved ionic compounds) are written as separate ions |
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Definition
| a chemical equation for a solution reaction in which soluble strong electrolytes are written as ions and spectator ions are omitted |
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Definition
| ions that go through a reaction unchanged and go through a reaction unchanged and that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation |
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Definition
| a substance that is able to donate an H+ ion and increase the concentration of H+ when is dissolves in water |
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Definition
| a substance that is an H+ acceptor; produces and excess of OH- (aq) ions when is dissolves in water |
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Definition
an acid that ionizes completely in water
(HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4) |
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Definition
| an acid that only partly ionizes in water |
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Definition
| a base that ionizes completely in water (Group 1A metal hydroxides, Group 2A metal hydroxides) |
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Definition
| a base that only partly ionizes in water |
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Definition
| a reaction in which an acid and a base react in stoichiometically equivalent amounts; the neutralization reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces water and a salt |
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Definition
| a process in which a substance loses one or more electrongs |
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Definition
| a process in which a substance gains one or more electrons |
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Definition
| a positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules |
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| redox reactions (oxidation-reduction) |
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Definition
| a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change |
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Definition
| a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound, displacing an element from it |
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Definition
a list of metals in order of decreasing ease of oxidation
(Ag-->Pt-->Hg-->Au-->Cu-->H-->Pb-->Sn-->Ni-->Co-->Fe-->Cr-->Zn-->Mg-->Al--Mg-->Na-->Ca-->Ba-->K-->Li |
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Definition
| the quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution |
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Definition
| the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution |
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Definition
| the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one by adding solvent |
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Definition
| the process of reaction a solution of unknown concentration with one of known concentration (standard solution) |
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Definition
| a solution of known concentration |
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Definition
| the point in a titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution |
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