Term
| What does effective corrective instruction mean? |
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Definition
| It means looking at the big picture and designing complete programs that make the best use of students' time in helping them achieve the goal of proficient reading. |
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Term
| What are the four guidelines for program development? |
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Definition
-Formulate an instructional philosophy
-Develop a few broad instructional goals
-Based on instructional goals, plan instructional routines that consist of effective instructional practices
-Develop a plan to evaluate the curriculum and students |
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Term
| How do you formulate an instructional philosophy? |
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Definition
| Consider the relationship between our beliefs about reading and our instructional practices. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of developing broad instructional goals? |
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Definition
| To serve as a foundation for planning instruction. They should reflect the teachers philosophy, discuss briefly the areas of instruction that will be covered, and be based on the broad needs of the students in the class. |
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Term
| Based on instructional goals, why is it important to plan instructional routines that consist of effective instructional practices? |
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Definition
| Because making the goals a routine practice helps the students to have consistent practice and to feel secure and independent in their learning. |
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Term
| Why is it important to develop a plan to evaluate the curriculum and the students? |
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Definition
| Because the teacher needs to know if their instruction reflects their philosophy and to know if the students are being provided the opportunities to achieve the goals. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of focusing a reading program for struggling readers? |
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Definition
| Struggling readers need help in overcoming difficulties in specific areas of reading. They should address readers' specific problems and promote purposeful, authentic, engaging, and satisfying reading experiences. |
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Term
| List the three steps of focusing a reading program. |
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Definition
1. Watch for patterns of behavior
2. Rely on information from informal assessments, observations, and conversations as well as formal assessments.
3. Focus on the total reader |
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Term
| Why is it important to watch for patterns of behavior across situations and times? |
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Definition
| Because students read various materials for many different reasons each day and by drawing conclusions based solely on one type of reading ignores the complexity and diversity of reading demands. |
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Term
| Why is it important to rely on information from informal assessments, observations, conversations, and formal assessments? |
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Definition
| It is important because we need to develop an instructional plan to support children in all of the different instructional settings that they are presented with. |
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Term
| Why is it important to focus on the total reader? |
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Definition
| It is important to focus on the total reader because when a student is struggling, we tend to only focus on the problems that arise. However, by knowing the students strengths as well, the teacher can use the strengths to build the weaknesses. Additionally, the more a student succeeds in reading, the more they will want to work on it, thus giving more opportunities to improve areas that are not as strong. |
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Term
| What is massed and space practice or activity? |
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Definition
| It is when students are given work that focuses on a full range of skills rather than limiting the work to one specific skill. By limiting the student to working on one specific skill, they cannot then practice the wide range of skills that will help them to learn larger concepts. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of consistency over time? |
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Definition
| The purpose is to ensure that readers will permanently overcome their struggles. By being consistent in routine and developing authentic reading experiences, the students will gain from the predictability which will result in student independence and a more efficient use of time. |
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Term
| Why should teachers be proficient, professional instructors? |
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Definition
| Because it is believed that highly qualified instructors provide the best instruction, especially for students with reading difficulties. It is vital that these teachers stay professionally current in their practices and in research knowledge so as to provide the best help possible to students. Struggling readers in particular really need teachers who are aware of the most recent types of effective instruction as new information about reading practices is constantly being learned. |
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Term
| Name a few effective instructional programs. |
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Definition
| Reading recovery, literacy lesson framework, the four blocks, literacy teaching framework, success for all, the curious george strategy, and the fluency development lesson. |
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Term
| What is the reading recovery method? |
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Definition
| Reading recovery is an individual tutoring program in which a highly trained tutor works for 30 minutes daily with a first grade child experiencing difficulty in reading. It focuses on treating children early and intensively by using a series of brief activities aimed primarily at improving word recognition and reading fluency. |
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Term
| What is the process of reading recovery? |
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Definition
| Students read familiar stories they have read previously. The teacher performs a diagnostic check by keeping a running record of the child's oral reading of a newer text, one introduced in the previous day's lesson. Then the child and teacher engage in letter recognition and manipulation activities. The child dictates a sentence that the teacher records and rereads aloud, after which the child is guided in writing it. After practicing reading and writing the sentence, the teacher rewrites it on a strip of paper, cuts it into individual words, and asks the child to reconstruct the message. The words are taken home for further practice and play. Finally, the teacher introduces a new book that the child can learn to read successfully. The child and teacher explore the book; the teacher introduces new concepts, language patterns, or words to the child as necessary. After the introduction, the child attempts the book with the teacher guiding appropriate strategy use when the text becomes too difficult. |
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Term
| What is the Literacy lesson framework? |
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Definition
a routine for struggling readers that is rooted in literature based reading instruction. The five areas of a struggling reader that are addressed with this framework:
1. over-reliance on the sound-symbol system
2. a perception that reading is chiefly accurate word recognition, not meaning making
3. lack of fluency in reading
4. minimal self-monitoring
5. few writing strategies |
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Term
| What is the 5 step framework for literacy lesson framework? |
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Definition
1. Reading of familiar material (5-10 minutes)
2. guided reading of authentic literature (30 minutes)
3. Writing (5-10 minutes)
4. Word Sorting (5-10 minutes)
5. Book Sharing (5-10 minutes) |
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Term
| What is the Four blocks method? |
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Definition
A primary grade program that is easily adaptable and has students engage in daily literacy instruction through four 30 minute blocks featuring:
1. The writing block
2. The guided reading block
3. the independent reading block
4. the working with words block |
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Term
| What is the writing block? |
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Definition
| A five minute lesson in which the teacher demonstrates and talks about a piece of her own writing with the students |
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Term
| What is the guided reading block? |
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Definition
| The teacher engages students in comprehension focused instruction |
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Term
| What is the independent reading block? |
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Definition
| The teacher reads a book to students. Students read self0selected books on their own. Students also talk about their reading with other students. |
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Term
| What is the working with words block? |
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Definition
| This block includes a word wall and word-making activities. It develops students' word recognition or decoding abilities. Students and teachers add about 5 words per week and these common words are written on cards so that they can be arranged in alphabetical order. |
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Term
| Why is the Four blocks system so successful? |
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Definition
| It works so well because students are engaged in real reading, real writing, and real problem solving through effective word recognition activities. |
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Term
| What is the Literacy Teaching Framework? |
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Definition
| The Literacy teaching framework is an adapted version of the four blocks system. The only difference is that he substituted reading fluency instruction for the self-selected reading block of time. |
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Term
| How does the Success for All program work? |
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Definition
| Special tutors that are certified teachers with experience in title 1, special education, or primary-grade reading instruction work individually for 20 minute sessions each day during a 60 minute social studies period. Instruction focuses on what the students encounter in their regular reading curriculum. During a 90 minute reading period, the tutors work within the classroom and serve as additional reading teachers. Thus, tutors provide additional on-line support to regular reading instruction |
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Term
| What is the Curious George strategy? |
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Definition
| It is a program used primarily with primary grade students to develop fluency and comprehension in their reading through the Curious George series. The strategy is implemented as a weekly cycle in which one book is covered per week during 30 minute group sessions. |
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