Term
| Roseola (A.K.A. Roseola infantum) |
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Definition
Early childhood infection caused by herpes virus 6 and occasionally 7. By age 2, over 50% of babies have been infected with the virus and 85% by adulthood.
Disease progression: Starts with 3-7 days of a high fever followed by a macular (flat) pink rash that starts on trunk and then spreads to legs and neck. Once rash appears, fever stops.
90% of children are seropositive for having had this infection.
Infection is self limiting with purely symptomatic treatment (hydration and Tylenol/ibuprofen for fever)
Transmission: Respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as the measles. This is a reportable, highly infectious respiratory infection caused by the morbilli virus with about half of patients being hospitalized for pnuemonia.
Disease Progression: It starts with flu-like symptoms of fever, cough, nasal discharge, generalized lymphadenopathy, a sore throat, conjunctivitis with copious clear discharge, and photophobia. Within a day or two, Koplik spots (small white spots on the roof of the mouth which look like salt on a white background) develop. 2 days later, an intense maculopapular rash appears first on the head, and then moves to the rest of the body.
Treatment is symptomatic. Hospitalization for pneumonia or encephalopathy common. Child will be very sick.
Disease is transmittable 1 week before rash and 2-3 weeks after rash appears.
Transmission: Respiratory tract droplets |
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Term
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Definition
A mild viral infection that is often asymptomatic.
Disease Progression:
Rash and fever start at the same time. Symptoms are minor with general flu-like symptoms (runny nose, headache, fever, fatigue). Like the measles, the rash appears on the face and then spreads to the trunk and the limbs. But unlike measles, the rash and symptoms occur at the same time and are mild.
The disease can be spread by close contact or in droplets for 1 week before and 1-2 weeks after symptoms occur.
The devastating effects are only seen when a pregnant women contracts it. The infant may have a spontaneous abortion, death, or multiple congenital anomalies.
Transmission: Upper respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
This likely viral infection usually occurs in ages 10-35.
Disease progression: It often starts with an upper respiratory tract infection (cold symptoms) and then develops a 2-10cm oval red "herald patch" on the abdomen or axilla. 1-2 weeks later, a "Christmas-tree shaped," (takes a stretch of the imagination) pink, flaky and itchy rash consisting of oval patches appears. Total duration is around 6 weeks.
Treatment is symptomatic
Here's how I remember this one... God to "pity" on us and sent his Son. We sing Hark the "Herald" angles sing for Christmas. After the 12 days of Christmas, we put up the "Christmas tree."(the Christmas tree rash develops ~12 days after onset of symptoms)
Transmission: unknown |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as fifth disease. It's name comes because it was number five of the historically identified rash infections.
This droplet spread viral infection occurs most commonly in ages 5-15 and by adulthood, half of the population has been exposed to the virus.
Disease Progression: 25% of people will present with a fever and mild flu-like symptoms. 7-10 days later, a slapped cheek appearing rash develops. The rash spreads to the arms and legs 1 day later and then to the trunk of the body. The center of each rash then disappears leaving a lacy appearance. By the time the rash has developed, the individual is usually not contagious. Additionally, joint pain may also be experienced in older kids and adults. Once rash appears, individual is no longer contagious.
Treatment is symptomatic. |
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Term
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Definition
This develops from strep throat caused by bacterial S.pyogenes.
Disease Progression: It starts with a very sore throat, fever, headache, and tender anterior cervical lymph nodes. 12-72 hours later, a sandpaper textured rash develops on the neck, chest and occasionally face often leaving a clear unaffected area around the mouth. Then it spreads to the rest of the body. This rash looks like a bad sunburn complete with pealing and it itches. A bright red "strawberry tongue" is also noted.
Treatment is to treat the strep throat infection usually with amoxicillin.
Transmission: saliva or mucous |
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Term
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Definition
This is a likely autoimmune condition causing a rash, muscle weakness, and vasculitis. In contrast to fifth disease, this is characterized by progressive weakness rather than true arthritis. The skin rash is purple and scaly (in contrast to other rashes) and involves the face and eyelids. Scaling eruptions are also seen over the knees, elbows, and knuckles. Calcifications may also develop under the skin.
Treatment is 3 days of IV steroids (solu-medrol) followed by Prednisone (1-2 mg/kg/day) for several weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
Viral infection by the Epstein-Barr virus. To prevent splenic rupture, no contact sports for at least a month.
Disease progression:
This disease starts slowly with symptoms not felt until 4-7 weeks after exposure. Symptoms of fatigue, sore throat, swollen tonsils, enlarged spleen causing abdominal pain, fever, chills, Jaundice, coughing, and skin rashes located just about anywhere on the body (90% develop a rash if given penicillin). It may take up to 3 months to fully recover strength.
After development, individual will always be occasionally contagious and are at increased risk for developing multiple sclerosis. |
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Term
| Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease |
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Definition
A viral infection usually caused by coxsackie A and Enterovirus.
Disease Progression:
3-7 days after exposure, a fever develops followed by a sore throat and malaise. 1-2 days later, painful sores appear in mouth and throat. Then a rash may develop on hands, feet, and throughout the mouth.
Treatment is symptomatic. Symptom duration varies but is usually <1-2 weeks. The highly contagious infection is transmitted by direct contact with body secretions and fluid from sores.
Transmission: Nasal and throat secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
A rare autoimmune disease where medium-sized blood vessels become inflamed. Without treatment, mortality is 1% often due to coronary artery aneurysms.
Disease Progression: It often starts from a reaction to a previous viral illness. First a fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, chapped lips, conjunctivitis (usually without discharge), and a a rash on the trunk, flexor regions, and perineum develops lasting 1-2 weeks. After 1-2 weeks, swelling and erythema of the hands and feet with peeling skin occurs.
Treatment: IV immunoglobulin and PO aspirin. |
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Term
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Definition
Initial Infection Symptoms:
A maculopapular rash develops on the trunk, along with a fever, mild pharyngitis, diarrhea, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and ulcerating lesions on the mouth. |
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Term
| Which diseases cause rashes that start on the trunk? |
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Definition
| Roseola, Pityriasis rosea, Kawasaki disease, and HIV initial infection. |
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Term
| Which diseases have a rash that appears first on the head or face? |
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Definition
| Rubeola, Rubella, Fifth disease, Juvenile dermatomyositis, |
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Term
| Which disease has a rash that starts on the chest or neck with a sandpaper feel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which diseases produce a strawberry tongue? |
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Definition
| Kawasaki disease and scarlet fever |
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Term
| Which diseases have painful sores or ulcerating lesions in the mouth? |
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Definition
| HIV and Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease |
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Term
| Which disease produces Koplik's spots? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which rash producing illness is only associated with a fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a few classic symptoms of mono besides the rash. |
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Definition
| Extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore tonsils, sore throat, and exudative pharyngitis. |
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Term
| Which conditions begin with cold-like symptoms - runny nose, cough, fever? |
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Definition
| Rubeola, Rubella, Pityriasis rosea, fifth disease (but often without a cough), |
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Term
| How does hand, foot, and mouth disease start? |
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Definition
| It is kind of similar to mono in that it starts with a low-grade fever, fatigue, and a sore throat, but onset is faster and progresses quicker. |
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Term
| How does Kawasaki disease begin? |
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Definition
| It often starts from a reaction to a previous viral illness. It usually starts with a high fever and then progresses to bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, chapped lips, conjunctivitis (usually without discharge), and a a rash on the trunk, flexor regions, and perineum develops lasting 1-2 weeks. |
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