Term
| Anticentromere antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
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Definition
| Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
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Term
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
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Definition
| Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug-induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
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Term
| Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
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Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (Female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) |
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Term
| Antineutrophil antibodies (ANCAs) |
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Definition
| Vasculitis (c-ANCA = Wegener's; p-ANCA = microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) |
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Term
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs; including anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
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Definition
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Type III hypersensitivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Idiopathic Thrombocytic Purpura (ITP) |
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Term
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
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Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma |
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Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
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Definition
| Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
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Term
| "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray |
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Definition
| Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) |
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Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
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Definition
| Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type) |
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Term
| Bacitracin response in culture |
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Definition
| Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27 |
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Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
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Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen, e.g. sickle cell anemia) |
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Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
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Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray (Cour-en-sabot) |
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Definition
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Term
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
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Definition
| Actinomyces israelii (yellow color = sand in Israel) |
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Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
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Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic lesions in hyperparathyroidism or in osteitis fibrosis cystica |
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Term
| Cardiomegaly, apical atrophy |
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Definition
| Chagas' disease (Trypanosma cruzi) |
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Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
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Definition
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| "Chocolate cyst" of ovary |
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Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently in both ovaries) |
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Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
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Definition
| Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
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Term
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
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Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucoid plugs) |
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Term
| Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
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Definition
| Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality |
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Term
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
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Definition
| Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
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Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
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Definition
| Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
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Term
| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
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Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
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Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
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Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
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Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
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Definition
| Koilocytes (HPV; predisposes to cervical cancer) |
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Term
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
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Definition
| "Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV |
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Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
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Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
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Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
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Definition
| Lewy Body (Parkinson's, Lewy Body Dementia) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver |
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Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
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Definition
| Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
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Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
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Definition
| Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease) |
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Term
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent inclusions ("Owl's Eye") |
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Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's Lymphoma) |
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Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
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Definition
| Schiller-Duvall bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
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Term
| "Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on skull X-ray |
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Definition
| Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (bone marrow expansion) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pregnancy, Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (with or without embryo) |
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Term
| Heart nodules (granulomatous) |
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Definition
| Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic fever) |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
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Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
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Definition
| Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in mid/lower lung lobes (with or w/o calcification) |
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Definition
| Ghon complex (Primary TB) |
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Term
| "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypersegmented neutrophils |
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Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency = neuro sx; Folate deficiency = no neuro sx) |
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Term
| Hypochromic microcytic anemia |
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Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia OR lead poisoning OR thalssemia (sometimes with HbF) |
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Term
| Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
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Definition
| Dating error, neural tube defect (Spina bifida, anencephaly) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop or thiazide diuretics |
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Term
| Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
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Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) |
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Term
| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
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Definition
| Feruginous bodies (asbestos => mesothelioma) |
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Term
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
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Definition
| Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) |
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Term
| "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray |
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Definition
| Ulcerative Colitis (loss of haustra) |
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Term
| Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
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Definition
| Goodpasture's syndrome (Immune markers along GBM) |
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Term
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Definition
| Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
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Term
| "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
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Definition
| Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition: IgG and C3b) |
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Term
| Lytic ("Hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst |
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Definition
| Fibrocystic change of the breast |
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Term
| Monoclonal antibody spike |
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Definition
1) Multiple Myeloma (called M-protein; IgG or IgA)
2) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal aging)
3) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
4) Primary amyloidosis |
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Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
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Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma = kappa/lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
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Term
| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
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Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
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Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
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Definition
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Term
| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
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Definition
| Gout (monosodium urate crystals) |
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Term
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
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Definition
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
| Novobiocin response (sensitive/resistant) |
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Definition
Sensitive = Staph epidermidis
Resistant = Staph saprophyticus |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver d/t R heart failure |
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Term
| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction |
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Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
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Term
| Optochin response (sensitive/resistant) |
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Definition
| Sensitive = Streptococcus Pneumoniae |
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Term
| Periosteum raised from bone => triangular area |
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Definition
| Codman's triangle on XR (Osteosarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
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Term
| Podocyte fusion on electron microscopy |
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Definition
| Minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic syndrome) |
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Term
| Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
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Definition
| Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
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Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau |
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Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimers, CJD) |
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Term
| Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
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Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
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Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
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Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
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Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
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Term
| Rhomboid crystals (+) birefringence |
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Definition
| Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Coarctation of the aorta (increased collateral circulation through mammary arteries) |
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Term
| Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an AIDS pt |
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Definition
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Term
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
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Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation. Associated with EBV. "black sky" made up of malignant cells) |
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Term
| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
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Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's disease => progressive dementia, changes in personality) |
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Term
| "Soap bubble" in femur/tibia on XR |
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Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (usually benign) |
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Term
| "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome"-like subepithelial deposits |
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Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
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Term
| Stacks of red blood cells |
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Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
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Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
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Definition
| "Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
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Term
| Tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles on EM in Langerhans cells |
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Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X, eosinophilic granuloma) |
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Term
| Thrombi made of red/white layers |
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Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
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Term
| "Thumb sign" on lateral neck XR |
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Definition
| Epiglottitis (H. influenzae) |
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Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
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Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
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Term
| "Tram-track" appearance on LM |
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Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
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Definition
| Fatty liver disease (Alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
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Term
| "Wire loop" glomerular appearance on Light Microscopy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
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