Term
| kingdoms containing eukaryotic organisms, the most poorly defined kingdom is_________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kingdom which eukaryotic organisms make sugar by photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kingdom that absorbs nutrients from food source? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which group of animals were descent with modification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| keratin, the primary protein found in horns is an example of a ________ protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibodies are examples of ________ proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels, is an example of a _______ protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| casein, the primary source of amino acid for newborn mammals is an example of __________ protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myosin, a protein found in humans, is an example of a _________ protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as humans use drugs to combat pathogens such as HIV, we function as ________ driving the evolution of drug resistance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| similarity among organisms resulting from common ancestry is called_______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the geographic distribution of species is called_______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| evolutionary trees are graphical _______ that we use to summarize the current understanding of phylogeny |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a series of intermediate forms indicate that modern cetaceans evolved from_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA coding for ________ changes slowly and is useful for analyzing relationships of taxa that diverged millions of years ago. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cytochrome c genes in humans and dogs are considered _______ b/c they are retained from a common ancestor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most of the prokaryote known are placed in the domain_______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| horizontal gene transfer indicates that portions of _________ were transferred via transposable elements, plastids, viruses, and fusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| due to the presence of _________ some argue that the history of life should be represented by the ring of life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the era's of the geologic time scale are based on characteristic life forms and the boundaries are marked by________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the earliest concrete evidence of life on earth comes from stromatolites, layered structures formed by _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria probably gained access to host cells as undigested prey or_________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____ of the mitochondria have enzymes and transport systems that are homologous to those in modern prokaryotes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cambrian explosion is marked by the appearance of animals that function as ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "evo-devo" research tells us that genes controlling development influence the ________ of change in organisms |
|
Definition
- spatial pattern
- rate
- timing
|
|
|
Term
| in crustaceans, changes in _______ result in feeding appendages rather than swimming. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to evolutionary change in the timing of an organisms development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ may alter the timing of sexual maturity leading to paedomorphosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the loss of spines in the lake stickleback fish results from______ |
|
Definition
| changes in gene expression |
|
|
Term
| Oparin and Haldane proposed that energy from organic synthesis on primordial Earth came from ______ and UV radiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the significance of the Miller-Urey experiment was the abiotic production of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| membrane-bounded droplets that form when lipids are added to water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA molecules with enzyme-like catalytic functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which characteristic of DNA suggests that it would make a more stable repository of genetic information than RNA |
|
Definition
| its double stranded morphology |
|
|
Term
| which characteristic of viruses suggests most strongly their evolutionary connection to the living organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses are known to infect_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses are similar to plasmids and transposons in that all three are considered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what factor(s) is/are important in contributing to the emergence of a viral disease? |
|
Definition
- mutation of existing viruses
- dissemination form an isolated population
- interspecific transmission
|
|
|
Term
| refers to the transmission of a plant virus in which the plant is infected from an external source. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some bacteria ward off viral infections by using _______ to destroy phage DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| herpes virus derives its membrane from the nuclear envelope and_________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some viruses enter the cell by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane, a process known as _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virus that is single-stranded RNA. Virus whose ssRNA serves as mRNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prokaryotes function as decomposers of corpses and dead vegetation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| many prokaryotes participate with hot organisms in _________, an ecological interaction in which both species benefits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the use of prokaryote to remove pollutants fro soil or water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relationship between you and Bacteriodes thetaiotaomicron is an example of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relationship between humans and Borrelia burgdorferi is an example of _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ use of O2 if available, but also function in environments deprived of O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ use O2 for cellular respiration and cannot grow with out it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some ______ use anaerobic respiration in which nitrate ions or sulfate ions substitute for O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabaena filaments contain ______ that carry out nitrogen fixation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protista is no longer recognized as a valid kingdom because it is clearly ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the endosymbiosis model the endosymbionts ultimately become _______ in the host cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary endosymbiosis is supported by the presence of _______ in organelles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the endosymbiosis model, the endosymbiont cyanobacteria ultimately become _______ in host cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this group of protists are mutualistic symbionts with coral providing a major source of energy. |
|
Definition
| photosynthetic dinoflagellate |
|
|
Term
| this group of protists are mutualistic symbionts with termites enabling them to digest wood |
|
Definition
| hypermastigote parabasalid |
|
|
Term
| this group of protists are parasitic symbionts with humans causing malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this group of protists are parasitic symbionts that "eat" the skin off fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this group of protists are parasitic endosymbionts that have killed more than a million oak tree in the last 15 yrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to a pair of chromosomes carrying the same genes for the same inherited chracteristic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the chromosomes other than sex chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| human somatic cells are always_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the only cells in humans not produced by mitosis are_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in this life cycle found in ______, the only diploid stage is the single-celled zygote |
|
Definition
| most fungi and some protists |
|
|
Term
| members of this group include the heterotrophic amoebozoans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| members of this group are usually orange and yellow and form a mass called a plasmodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| members of this group are parasitic and one species is responsible for 100,000 human deaths annually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| members of this group include animals and fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| members of this group haploid, only the zygote is diploid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mycelia of different mating types recognize other types through signaling molecules called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to fungi with no known sexual stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most fungi propagate asexually by producing spores through______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sexual process of karyogamy and ________ generate genetic variation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| penecillium is a common example of a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the evolutionary significance of this material is that it frees the organism from constant water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organelles containing enzymes that transfer H2 from various substrates to O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| group of microtubules that form between daughter nuclei of a dividing cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| localized regions of cell division at tips of shoots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| petal-shaped arrays of proteins in the plasma membrane that synthesize cellulose |
|
Definition
| rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes |
|
|
Term
| one of the ecological importance of moses is that they help retain______ in the soil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the reasons mosses can survive in extreme environments is that they can survive______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in some peatlands, thousands of years old corpses have been protected from decay by low O2 levels and low_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the carboniferous swamps, remains of seedless vascular plants accumulated in thick layers that were eventually converted to_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the seedless vascular plants of the carboniferous grew in expansive forest and significantly influenced the concentration of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides protection for the embryo allowing it to remain dormant for an extended period of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the seed plants, the zygote grows into a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the structure containing the male gametophyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the layer of sporophyte tissue that protects the megasporangium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pupil dilator atropine comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ovarian cancer drug taxol comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the malaria preventative quinine comes from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hear medication digitalin comes from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the leukemia drug vinblastine comes from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a succession of cell divisions following the formation of the zygote without cell growth between division cycles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sexually immature animal that is morphologically distinct from adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sexually immature animal that is morphologically similar to adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a hollow ball of cells seed early in animal development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endoderm and ectoderm differentiate during the ______ stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the concentration of sensory "equipment" at the anterior end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 3rd germ layer that is seen in bilaterally symmetric animals but not in radial symmetry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the body cavity found in most triploblastic animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cleavage pattern characteristic of deuterostome development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protostome and deuterostome development are distinguished by the fate of the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tough external coat of the ecdysozoans is called ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the process of molting in the ecdysozoans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropods, the fluid of the open circulatory system is called_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the complexity of the arthropod body plan is highly related to 2 unusual__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cheliceriforms exhibit claw-like feeding appendages called ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
H1N1 flu is spread from person to person primarily via_________
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
about 70% of the hospitalizations related to H1N1 have been for these people
|
|
Definition
| people with medical complications |
|
|
Term
| CDC studies indicate that approximately a third of adults older than 60 have_______ against the H1N1 virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long can the influenza virus remain on a surface and subsequently infect a person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| besides detergents and alcohol, what other substance destroy the influenza virus? |
|
Definition
| chlorene, hydrogen peroxide |
|
|
