Term
| A patient taking lisinopril complains of new onset, constant coughing. To what medication class should this patient be switched? |
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Definition
| Angiotensin receptor blocker (-sartan) |
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Term
What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase?
• “Worst headache of my life”
• Waxy casts in urine
• Neuropathy + AV nodal block
• Port-wine stain in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
• Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
• Painless jaundice |
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Definition
• “Worst headache of my life” – Subarachnoid hemorrhage/berry aneursym
• Waxy casts in urine - ESRD
• Neuropathy + AV nodal block – Lyme disease
• Port-wine stain in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve – Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis – Reiter syndrome
• Painless jaundice – Pancreatic cancer of the head of the pancreas |
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Term
To what drug category does the following drug belong?
• Azathioprine
• Probenecid
• Primaquine
• Cefprozil
• Lamivudine
• Tobramycin
• Losartan
• Indinavir
• 6-mercaptopurine
• Rofecoxib
• Carmustine
• Doxycycline
• Timolol
• Methotrexate
• Cimetidine
• Mefloquine |
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Definition
• Azathioprine - immunosuppresant
• Probenecid – inhibits uric acid resorption (gout)
• Primaquine - antimalarial
• Cefprozil – 2nd gen cephalosporin
• Lamivudine - NRTI
• Tobramycin - Aminoglycoside
• Losartan - ARB
• Indinavir – protease inhibitor
• 6-mercaptopurine – anticancer drug
• Rofecoxib – Cox-2 inhibitor
• Carmustine - Nitrosourea
• Doxycycline - Tetracycline
• Timolol – Beta-blocker
• Methotrexate – inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
• Cimetidine – H2 blocker
• Mefloquine - antimalarial |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of inhibiting parasympathetic activity? |
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Definition
| Dry as a bone (decreased secretions/salivation), hot as a hare (increased temperature), red as a beet (peripheral vasodilation), blind as a bat (mydriasis/cycloplegia), mad as a hatter (agitation and delirium), bloated as a toad (constipation/urinary retention) |
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Term
| Which cancers are associated with the following tumor markers? |
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Definition
• PSA: prostate
• AFP: hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac tumors
• CA 125: ovarian cancer
• Elevated alk phos: paget disease, metastasis to bone, biliary disease
• CEA: colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, breast
• β-hCG: choriocarcinoma/hydatiform mole
• S100: astrocytoma, melanoma, some neural tumors |
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Term
| What medication is used to treat the following parasitic infection? |
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Definition
• Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas: Metronidazole
• Plasmodium vivax or ovale: Chloroquine+primaquine
• Most flukes and tapeworms: Praziquantel
• Hookworm, pinworm, roundworm: bendazoles, pyrantel pamoate |
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Term
| What neoplasms are associated with AIDS? |
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Definition
| Kaposi sarcoma, invasive squamous cell cancer, CNS lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
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Term
| What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cancer is associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis? |
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Definition
| Marginal cell lymphoma: thyroid (Hashimoto thyroiditis), salivary gland (Sjogren syndrome), stomach (H. pylori gastritis), GI tract (MALToma) |
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Term
| What portion of the brachial plexus is injured in Erb-Duchenne Palsy? What are the symptoms? |
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Definition
C5 and C6 roots
Symptoms: loss of abductors; loss of lateral rotators; loss of biceps
Arm is left adducted, medially rotated, and pronated |
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Term
| What is the clinical appearance of internuclear ophthalmoplegia? With what disorder is it commonly associated? |
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Definition
Lateral gaze: adducting eye – paralysis; abducting eye - nystagmus
Multiple sclerosis |
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Term
Which lipid-lowering agent matches the following description?
• SE: facial flushing
• SE: elevated LFTs, myositis
• SE: GI discomfort, bad taste
• Best effect on HD L
• Best effect on triglycerides/VLDL
• Best effect on LDL/cholesterol
• Binds C. diff. toxin |
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Definition
• SE: facial flushing - Niacin
• SE: elevated LFTs, myositis – Fibrates, statins
• SE: GI discomfort, bad taste – bile acid binding resins
• Best effect on HD L - Niacin
• Best effect on triglycerides/VLDL - Fibrates
• Best effect on LDL/cholesterol - Statins
• Binds C. diff. toxin - Cholestyramine |
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Term
| What diseases might be found immediately above the pectinate line vs. immediately below the pectinate line? |
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Definition
Above pectinate line – adenocarcinoma, internal hemorrhoids
Below – squamous cell carcinoma, external hemorrhoids |
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Term
| How many ATP are generated during aerobic metabolism? During anaerobic metabolism? |
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Definition
Aerobic – malate shuttle: 32 ATP; G3P shuttle: 30 ATP
Anaerobic – 2 ATP |
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Term
| What enzyme is inhibited by the drug fomepizole? |
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Definition
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