Term
hypoxia:
watershed areas, heart, kidney, neurons, liver |
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Definition
watershed areas -- splenic flexure, ACA/MCA
heart (1-2hrs) -- subendocardial tissue
kidney -- PCT (cortex), TAL (medulla)
liver (1-2hrs) -- around cental vein
neurons (3-5min!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| lung > breast > kidney > skin (melanoma) |
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Term
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Definition
| colon > stomach > pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| prostate (blastic), breast (lytic and blastic) > lungs (lytic) > thyroid, testes |
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Term
| cancer incidence and mortality |
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Definition
Incidence
men: prostate > lung > colon/rectum
women: breast > lung > colon/rectum
Mortality
men: lung > prostate
women: lung > breast |
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Term
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Definition
PSaMMoma
Papillary (thyroid)
Serous (ovary)
Meningioma
Mesothelioma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
dysplasia
anaplasia
neoplasia
desmoplasia |
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Definition
dysplasia = reversible!!
anaplasia = undifferentiated
neoplasia = clonal prolif
desmoplasia = non-neoplasic fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
amyloidosis
Primary, Secondary, Senile cardiac, DMII, medullary thyroid, Alzheimer's, Dialysis, Portuguese type polyneuropathy, Familial Mediterranean fever, Isolated atrial amyloidosis, Isolated pituitary amyloidosis |
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Definition
Primary -- Ig light chains --> AL
Secondary -- SAA --> AA
Senile cardiac -- AF --> transthyretin
DMII -- AE --> amylin
medullary thyroid -- calcitonin --> A-CAL
Alzheimer's -- APP --> beta-amyloid
Dialysis -- MHC I --> beta2-microglobulin
Portuguese type polyneuropathy -- transthyretin
Familial Mediterranean fever -- AA
Isolated atrial amyloidosis -- ANP
Isolated pituitary amyloidosis -- prolactin |
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Term
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Definition
peroxidation of membrane lipids --> cell death
acute -- GI bleed
chronic -- metabolic acidosis, GI obstruction from scarring |
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Term
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Definition
| beta-HCG can bind TSH receptor --> hyperthyroidism!!! |
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Term
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Definition
intrinsic:
lose bcl-2 --> increased mitochondrial permeability and cyt c release --> increase bax, bak
p53 --> increase bax/bak, decrease bcl-2
extrinsic:
Fas ligand bind Fas-R on cell
perforin (pore for delivery), granzyme, granulysin from CD8+ T cells/NK cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 2/2 free radicals and lipid peroxidation (aging) |
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Term
| spleen, intestine -- 1 or 2 blood supplies? |
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Definition
spleen -- 1
intestine -- 2 |
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
cellular swelling/hydropic change |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
nuclear chromatin clumping |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
fatty change |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
ribosomal detachment |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
myelin figures |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
cell blebs |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
Ca2+ influx |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
plasma membrane damage |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
lysosomal rupture |
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Definition
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Term
reversible or irreversible??
mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
arterial -- lines of Zahn
venous -- darker
post-mortum -- currant jelly + chicken fat, not attached to vessel wall |
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Term
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Definition
1. margination
2. rolling -- selectins (endothelium) + Sialyl Lewis (WBC, LAD type 2)
3. tight binding -- ICAM-1 (endothelium) + LFA-1 (integrin on WBC; LAD type 1)
4. diapedesis -- PECAM-1
5. migration |
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Term
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Definition
1. retinopathy of prematurity
2. bronchopul dysplasia
3. CCl4 --> liver fat and necrosis
4. acetaminophen
5. iron overload
6. reperfusion injury |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mycobacteria (TB, leprosy)
2. fungal
3. syphilis (gumma!!)
4. cat scratch
5. auto-immune -- sarcoid, Crohn's
6. berylloisis!! |
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Term
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Definition
1. inflammatory -- clot, neutrophils, macrophages (2 days in)
2. proliferative (2-3 days) -- granulation tissue, type III collagen, wound contraction
3. remodeling (1 wk) -- type III replaced by type I collagen |
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