Term
|
Definition
Treponema (darkfield microscopy)
Rickettsia (intracellular)
Mycobacteria (acid-fast stain)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella (silver stain)
Chlamydia (intracellular)
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color |
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Term
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Definition
Borrelia
Plasmodium
trypanosomes (African sleeping sickness, Chagas)
Chlamydia |
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Term
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Definition
| Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| chocolate agar with factors V and X |
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Definition
Haemophilus flu
V = NAD
X = hematin |
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Term
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Definition
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Vancomycin
Polymyxin (colistin)
Nystatin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Corneybacterium diphtheriae |
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Term
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Definition
| Corneybacterium diphtheriae |
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Term
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Definition
| Mycobacteria tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar as green colonies with metallic sheen |
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Definition
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Term
| choarcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus
Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
anaerobes Can't Breathe Air |
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Term
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Definition
Rickettsia, Chlamydia
stay inside (cells) when it is Really Cold |
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Term
| facultative intracellular |
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Definition
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY |
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Term
|
Definition
Strep pneumo
Haemophilus Influenza type b
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumo
group b Strep
SHIN SKiS
quellung postive!! |
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Term
|
Definition
S. aureus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Condidda, E. coli, Listeria, Nocardia
you need SSPACEL (+/- N) for your CATs |
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Term
|
Definition
urea --> CO2, NH3 --> increase pH (turn something pink?)
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Cryptococcus
H. pylori
Klebsiella
Staph saprophyticus
Staph epidermidis
PUNCH-KSS |
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Term
|
Definition
Serratia marcscens
red maraschino cherries!! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Actinomyces israelii
Isreal has yellow sand |
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Term
|
Definition
shigA-like toxin
Botulism toxin (some strains)
Cholera toxin
Diptheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin (Strep pyogenes) |
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Term
|
Definition
polysaccharide
adherence to foreign surfaces |
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Term
| Gram + vs. Gram - reactivity (TNF-alpha, IL-1) |
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Definition
Gram + -- lipoteichoic acid
Gram - -- lipopolysaccharide = endotoxin, part of outer membrane -- NOT SECRETED (Lipid A!!!) |
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Term
| vaccines of capsule antigens |
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Definition
-- capsules are polysaccarides (except Anthrax) --> poor immune response
-- conjugate with protein (i.e. dipitheria toxin, tetanus toxoid, N. meningitides outer membrane protein complex!! |
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Term
| Protein A, IgA protease, M protein |
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Definition
Protein A -- Staph aureus, binds Fc
IgA protease -- cut up IgA
M protein -- prevent phagocytosis --> antigen mimicry for rheumatic fever!! |
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Term
| exotoxins vs. endotoxins -- location of genes, toxicity, heat stability |
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Definition
exotoxin -- plasmid/bacteriophage; HIGH toxicity; mostly heat labile
endotoxin -- chromosome; LOW toxicity; heat stable (can live at 100o!!) |
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Term
|
Definition
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
inactivates EF-2
acts on heart and neurons
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
inactivates EF-2
acts on liver
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
Shigella (invasive!!! #1, #2 toxin)
inactivates 60S (cuts rRNA) |
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Term
|
Definition
EHEC
inactivates 60S (cuts rRNA) |
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Term
|
Definition
= Shiga-like toxin
EHEC
inactivates 60S (cuts rRNA) |
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Term
|
Definition
ETEC, similar in Campylobacter jejuni/Bacillus cereus?
overactivates adenylate cyclase --> increases cAMP (labile in the Air) --> increased secretion into gut
just like cholera toxin!!
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
ETEC, Yersinia enterocolitica (invasive!!), similar in Staph aureus?
overactivates guanylate cyclase --> increases cGMP (stable on the Ground) --> decrease gut reabsorption!! |
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Term
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
MIMICS adenylate cyclase --> increase cAMP --> edema (and impairs neutrophil function) |
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Term
|
Definition
Vibrio cholerae
permanently activate Gs --> overactivates adenylate cyclase --> increases cAMP --> increased secretion into gut
just like heat-labile toxin!!
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
Bordetella pertussis
disables Gi --> increased cAMP --> impairs phagocytosis
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium tetani
cleaves SNARE --> prevents glycine/GABA release |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
cleaves SNARE --> prevents ACh |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium perfringens
phospholipase = lecithinase --> cell death!!
gas gangrene
double zone of hemolysis (inner beta, outer alpha) |
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Term
|
Definition
Strep pyogenes
degrades cell membranes (i.e. RBC!!) |
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Term
| toxic shock syndrome toxin |
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Definition
| brings MHC II and TCR close --> continuous activation --> IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha!! |
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Term
| other Bacillus anthracis exotoxin |
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Definition
lethal factor
inhibits protein kinase --> macrophage release of TNF-alpha and IL-1!! |
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Term
| other Bordetella pertussis toxins |
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Definition
extracytoplasmic adenylyl cyclase (like edema factor!)
tracheal cytotoxin (cytotoxic to resp epithelial cells) |
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Term
| Clostridium dificile toxins |
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Definition
Toxin A -- fluid secretion, inflammation --> white/yellow plaques with inflam cells and fibrin!!
Toxin B -- cytotoxic, destroys cytoskeleton |
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Term
| other Strep pyogenes toxins |
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Definition
erythrogenic/pyrogenic toxin--> IL-1 --> scarlet fever!!
exotoxin A --> toxic shock |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram Negatives AND Listeria!!
directly activates macrophages (binds CD14!!) --> IL-1, TNF-alpha, NO (no T cells!!)
activates alternative C' pathway
activates Hageman factor --> DIC!! |
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Term
|
Definition
ability to take up foreign DNA
SHiN!! |
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Term
|
Definition
ability to take up foreign DNA
SHiN!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| DNA can from from plasmid to chromosome(may take some flanking chromosomal DNA with it!) |
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Term
|
Definition
F+ = plasmid only
Hfr = can do transposition --> may have flanking chromosomal DNA |
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Term
| generalized vs. specialized transduction |
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Definition
generalized -- lytic (bits of bacteria DNA from when it was chopped up)
specialized -- lysogenic (bits of flanking bacterial DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Staph epidermis random things |
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Definition
forms biofilms
infected heart valve --> vancomycin +/- rifampin/gentamycin!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viridans strep -- make dextrans that let it adhere to fibrin on damaged valves!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viridans strep -- make dextrans that let it adhere to fibrin on damaged valves!! |
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Term
| can skin infection cause rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
NO!! only pharyngitis can.
But it can cause post-strep GN!! |
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Term
|
Definition
Group B Strep
enlarges area of hemolysis formed by Staph aureus |
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|
Term
endocarditis and...
colon cancer
GU/GI manipulation |
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Definition
colon cancer -- Strep bovis (non-enterococcus Group D strep)
GU/GI -- Enterococcus |
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Term
|
Definition
| for Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin |
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Term
| what you can see in Corynebacterium diphtheria |
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Definition
graunules!!
metachromatic (blue and red)
polar regions
stains with aniline dyes
polyphosphate |
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Term
|
Definition
spores!
must autoclave (121oC for 15min!!) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how exotoxins are release |
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Definition
most are secreted
Clostridium -- via autolysis!! |
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Term
| "serpentine" or "medusa head" colonies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| special thing about Bacillus anthracis |
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Definition
| capsule is D-glutamate (capsules usually polysaccharides!!) |
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Term
| how to get Clostridium botulism |
|
Definition
kids -- eat spores (honey)
adults -- eat pre-formed toxin (canned food) |
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Term
|
Definition
in spinal cord
acted on by tetanus toxin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how Listeria monocytogenes is "fought" |
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Definition
| macrophages ingest Listeria --> killed via CELL-MEDIATED immunity |
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Term
| pyogenic granulomas over whole body of baby!! |
|
Definition
granulomatosis infantiseptica
Listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
| oral/facial abscess that drain to skin!! |
|
Definition
Actinomyces israelii
SNAP! |
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Term
| reasons for false negative PPD |
|
Definition
steroids
malnutrition
immunocompromised
sarcoidosis!! |
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Term
|
Definition
Mycobacteria -- makes them acid-fast
long, branched, saturated FAs --> high lipid content!! |
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Term
|
Definition
make them grow in parallel chains ("serpentine cords!!")
relates to VIRULENCE!! |
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|
Term
| lepromatous vs. tuberculoid |
|
Definition
lepromatous -- Th2 response, bad! all over!; non-reactive lepromin skin test!
tuberuloid -- Th1 response; good! just few hypoesthetic (invades Schwann cells) plaques!; positive lepromin skin test! |
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|
Term
| weird thing about Neisseria meningitis |
|
Definition
| lipooligosaccharride = LOS (correlates to mortality/morbidity like LPS of other Gram negatives) |
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Term
|
Definition
Legionella pneumophila
pneumonia
diarrhea
HA/confusion
hyponatremia!! urine antigen!! |
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Term
| black lesions on skin with sepsis |
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Definition
ecthyma gangrenosum (necrotic patches!!)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| E. coli virulence factors |
|
Definition
LPS -- septic shock
fimbriae -- GU (UTI, pyelo)
K capsule -- pneumonia, meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| attaches to GI tract --> flattens villi --> prevents reabsorption |
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Term
| does NOT ferment sorbitol |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
4 A's
Aspiration pneumo
Abscess in lung/liver
Alcoholics
diAbetics
** red current jelly sputum ** |
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Term
|
Definition
flagella (hematogenous spread)
antibiotics bad! |
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Term
|
Definition
super virulent! (small infectious load)
travel by actin (NO flagella)
invades via M CELLS (can't attach!)
antibiotics good! |
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Term
|
Definition
Salmonella typhi
rose spots
GALLBLADDER is resevoir |
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Term
|
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
pet feces!!, milk or pork |
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Term
| liver dysfx (jaundice), kidney dysfx, conjunctivitis/photophobia, hemorrhage |
|
Definition
Leptospira interrogans!!
Weil's disease (icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis!) |
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Term
| treatment for Lyme disease |
|
Definition
<9 -- amoxicillin
>9 -- doxycycline |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 3o syphilis thing i forget |
|
Definition
| aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) --> aneurysms |
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Term
| sign of appropriately treated syphilis |
|
Definition
VDRL/RPR negative
FTA-ABS positive |
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Term
|
Definition
positive = aggregation/flocculation
Virus (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus, Leprosy |
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Term
|
Definition
| one virus shares other virus's protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| one virus coated by other virus's SURFACE PROTEIN --> can infect new target, but progeny will have old surface proteins |
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Term
| live, killed, recombinant vaccines |
|
Definition
live -- MMR, VZV, smallpox, yellow fever, Sabin polio
killed -- RIP Always -- Rabies, Influenza, Salk's Polio, HAV
recomb -- HBV, HPV |
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Term
| acute hemorrhagic cystitis in little boys |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
rheumatoid arthritis-like
pure RBC aplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
dome lesion with central dimple
poxvirus |
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Term
|
Definition
intranuclear inclusion
HSV, VZV |
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Term
|
Definition
CMV
intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
binds integrins!! |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| kill type II pneumocytes!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| antibody to surface F protein of RSV (Synergist) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rabies
Purkinje cells of cerebellum |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
ballooning degenration (hepatocyte swelling)
Councilman bodies (pink apoptotic hepatocytes)
mononuclear infiltration
bridging necrosis (confluent hepatocyte necrosis)
lobular architecture disruption |
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|
Term
|
Definition
"serum sickness" like
F, fatigue, joint pain, urticaria, pruritus, LAD |
|
|
Term
| fine, granular, pink hepatocyte |
|
Definition
"ground glass" hepatocyte
Hep B |
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Term
|
Definition
| no 3'-->5' exonuclease activity |
|
|
Term
| usual presentation of Hep A |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic!! NO jaundice!! |
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|
Term
|
Definition
#1 stable chronic hepatitis
#2 cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do obligate intracellular organisms need?!?! |
|
Definition
Rickettsia -- NAD+, CoA
Chlamydia -- ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rickettsial diseases -- EXCEPT Q fever
agglutination when mixed with Proteus (Abs cross-react with Proteus O)
latex agglutination also used |
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Term
|
Definition
Coxsackie A
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
syphilis
CARS!! |
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Term
|
Definition
mycoplasma
chlamydia
legionella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elementary body -- enters
reticulate body -- replicates; seen in culture |
|
|
Term
| no muramic acid in cell wall!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A-C -- blindness
L1-3 -- lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
everything else -- everything else |
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|
Term
| military recruits, prisons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cholesterol in cell membrane!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fills macrophages
Mississippi/Ohio river valleys
birds/bats |
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Term
|
Definition
broad-based budding
East and Central America |
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Term
|
Definition
spherule filled with endospores
hyphae with doubly reflective wall
Southwest |
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Term
|
Definition
captain's wheel
Latin America |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Malassezia furfur
spaghetti and meaball
more visible after suntanning
miconazole, selenium sulfide |
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Term
|
Definition
pseudohyphae and budding yeast
germ tubes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
septated, acute angles
invasive/disseminated disease can cause NECROSIS!! |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cryptococcus, Rickettsial disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DKA and leukemic patients!!
wide angle, non-septate |
|
|
Term
| disk-shaped yeast on silver stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cigar-shaped budding yeast |
|
Definition
Sporothrix schenckii
Tx. itraconazole, potassium iodide!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gp120 (env) -- docking (CCR5, CXCR4)
gp41 (env) -- fusion
p24 (gag) -- capsid
p17 (gag) -- matrix |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ELISA -- rule out
Western blot -- rule in (confirm) |
|
|
Term
| HIV -- low-grade F, cough, HSM, tongue ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacillary angiomatosis vs. Kaposi's |
|
Definition
bacillary angiomatosis -- Bartonella henselae, neutrophilic
Kaposi's -- HHV-8, lymphocytic, spindle cells and RBCs with slit-like vascular spaces |
|
|
Term
| cotton-wool spots, hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV |
|
Definition
Waldeyer's ring (oropharynx)
large cell type |
|
|
Term
| interstitial pneumonia in HIV |
|
Definition
|
|
