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| is the scientific study of cellular structure and function |
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| cellular function = metabolism |
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| every living organism is made of cells, arise only through the division of pre existing cells, all have the same basic chemical components |
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| thin, flat, scaley shape that like esophagus and form surface layer of skin |
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| squarish, about equal in height and width liver cells |
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| irregular angular shapes with four or more sides |
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| multiple pointed processes give cells a somewhat starlike shape |
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| round to oval; egg cells and white blood cells |
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| disc-shaped as in red blood cells |
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| spindle shaped, elongated with a think middle and tapered ends |
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| long slender and thread like.....looks like a worm |
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| forms the surface boundary of the cell |
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| material between plasma membrane and nucleus |
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| material within the nucleus |
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| best developed on cells that specialize in absorption |
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| hair like processes that extend from cells and some sensory. |
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| longer and fewer..... only thing with this is sperm |
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| at the cells surface are certain arrangements of proteins |
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| zipper like, so it joins tight to neighboring cells |
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| a patch that holds cells together, more like a snap than a zipper |
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| ringlike and surrounds a water-filled channel |
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| a supporive framework of protein filiments and tubules |
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| the clear gel of the cytoplasm; also called intracellular fluid |
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| all body fluds not contained in the cells are collectively called this; also called tissue (interstitial) fluid; |
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| metabolically active structures within a cell; they are to the cell what an organ is to the body |
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| round, largest organell, contains cells chromosomes |
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| a system f interconnected flattened membrane |
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| small granules of protein and ribonucleic acid, synthesize proteins |
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| stack of flattened membranous sacs that synthesize carbs |
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| package of enzymes contained in a single unit membrane; they are the mob of the body and kill things that are scheduled to be killed |
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| are organelles specialized for ATP synthesis, saclike, and the powerhouse of the cell |
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| a bundle of microtubules, they are near the nucleus |
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| most cells have a clear patch of cytoplasm and contain a pair of mutually perpendicular centrioles |
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| the cell synthesized proteins and grows and carries out its preordained tasks for the body |
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| carries out dna replication, has 2 sets of dna after finished, 46 when started 92 when ended |
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| finishes replicating its centrioles and synthesized enzymes that control cell division |
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| period in which a cell replicates its nucleus, and divides it |
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| all the other functions of cell divisions, 4 phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
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| cromatin condense centrioles migrate to opposite pole s of cell |
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| chromosomes lie along midline of cell |
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| centromeres divide in two spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to oppisite poles of a cell |
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| chromosomes gather at each pole of cell..Chromatin decondenses.. New nuclear envelope appears at each pole...New nucleoli appear in each nucleus...mitotic spindle vanishes |
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| Telophase is the end of nuclear division but overlaps with cytokinesis-division of the cytoplasm |
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| ES cells are easily obtained from the excess embryos created in fertility clinics when a couple attempts to conceive a child by in vitro fertilization (IVF) |
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