How soon after the injection of a contrast medium are symptoms of a reaction most likely to occur?

Select one:

a. Between 5 and 10 minutes

b. Within 5 minutes 

c. More than 10 minutes

Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below.  The letter B labels the: 
[image]

Select one:

a. frontal sinuses

b. ethmoid sinuses

c. maxillary sinuses

d. sphenoid sinuses

The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is:

Select one:

a. inspiration

b. expiration 

c. suspended respiration

d. shallow breathing

What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system?

Select one:

a. 0 degrees 

b. 5 degrees

c. 10 degrees

d. 5 to 10 degrees

In intravenous urography (IVU), what is the purpose of applying compression pads over the distal ends of both ureters?

Select one:

a. to retard the excretion of opacified urine from the kidneys 

b. to demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys

c. to demonstrate ureteral reflux

d. to retard the ecretion of opacified urine from the bladder

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

Select one:

a. left colic flexure

b. right colic flexure 

c. sigmoid colon

d. duodenojejunal flexure

What is the most likely purpose of obtaining an AP projection radiograph with the patient standing?

Select one:

a. To demonstrate ureteral reflux 

b. To elongate the kidneys

c. To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys

d. To demonstrate air-fluid levels

The renal pyramids are a part of the ____________ of the kidney.

Select one:

a. Medulla 

b. Cortex

c. Renal pelvis

For an LPO or RPO projection during an IVU, the patient should be rotated_________ degrees to demonstrate the kidney

Select one:

a. 30 degrees 

b. 5 degrees

c. 45 degrees

d. 15 degrees

a. 30 degrees 

Which two facial bones form the roof of the mouth? 

(1) maxillae 

(2) vomer 

(3) palatine bones

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Where do the pancreatic and common bile duct terminate?

Select one:

a. Ileum

b. Gallbladder 

c. Duodenum

d. Large intestine

What size IR and which position is used for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

Select one:

a. 8 ´ 10 inches (18 ´ 24 cm) crosswise

b. 10 ´ 12 inches (24 ´ 30 cm) crosswise

c. 10 ´ 12 inches (24 ´ 30 cm) lengthwise 

d. 14 ´ 17 inches (35 ´ 43 cm) crosswise

c. 10 ´ 12 inches (24 ´ 30 cm) lengthwise 

What size IR and which position is used for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

Select one:

a. 8 ´ 10 inches (18 ´ 24 cm) crosswise

b. 10 ´ 12 inches (24 ´ 30 cm) crosswise

c. 10 ´ 12 inches (24 ´ 30 cm) lengthwise Correct

d. 14 ´ 17 inches (35 ´ 43 cm) crosswise

A patient is scheduled for a BE and an IVU on the same morning, which would have to be done first?

Select one:

a. Whichever area is ready for the patient

b. IVU

c. BE

The term cholecyst refers to the __________________.

Select one:

a. Adrenal glands

b. Liver

c. Spleen

d. Biliary ducts

e. Gallbladder

The area of the kidney identified in the figure below is the: 
[image]

Select one:

a. hilum

b. renal pelvis

c. renal sinus 

d. minor calyx

For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level?

Select one:

a. sthenic

b. asthenic

c. hypersthenic

d. hyposthenic

The mucosal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called:

Select one:

a. serosa

b. omenta

c. rugae 

d. pleura

The triangular portion of the bladder along the inner, posterior surface is termed:

Select one:

a. Renal pelvis

b. Urethra

c. Trigone 

d. Medulla

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

Select one:

a. at the pubic symphysis

b. 1 inch above the upper border of the pubic symphysis

c. 1 1/2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis

d. 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis

Functions of the kidney include: 

(1) removing waste products from the blood 

(2) maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance 

(3) secreting substances that affect blood pressure

Select one:

a. 1 and 2 

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The vessels most often used for venipuncture are found on the:

(1) anterior forearm 

(2) posterior hand 

(3) ulnar aspect of the wrist

Select one:

a. 1 and 2 

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Significant reactions to contrast media include: 

(1) nausea 

(2) vomiting 

(3) edema of the respiratory mucous membrane

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The suprarenal glands are part of the urinary system?

Select one:

True

False

What structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdominal radiographs?

Select one:

a. High volume of blood within the kidneys

b. Renal pyramids

c. Adipose capsule 

d. Major and minor calyces

Which renal structure filters the blood?

Select one:

a. Efferent arteriole

b. Glomerulus 

c. Afferent arteriole

d. Major calyx

Which of the following serves as the reservoir for urine?

Select one:

a. kidneys

b. calyces

c. ureters

d. urinary bladder

The bone indicated in the figure below is the: 
[image]

Select one:

a. parietal

b. orbital

c. temporal

d. zygoma

The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the:

Select one:

a. hilum

b. calyces 

c. renal sinuses

d. renal pelvis

The muscular contractions of the gallbladder is activated by:

Select one:

a. Cholecystolithiasis

b. Cholecystokinin 

c. Pancreatic juices

d. Bile

Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR?

Select one:

a. right lateral

b. right lateral, dorsal decubitus

c. AP oblique, RPO 

d. AP oblique, LPO

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:

Select one:

a. infusion

b. percutaneous

c. antegrade

d. retrograde 

A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed:

Select one:

a. cystography 

b. cystourethrography

c. cystoureterography

d. retrograde urography

Which condition should be prevented if strict aseptic techniques are used when administering medications intravenously?

Select one:

a. The patient lapsing into shock

b. Injecting an excessive amount of medication

c. Introducing infection into the patient

A normal creatinine level is:

Select one:

a. 0.6 to 1.2 mg/100 ml 

b. 1.0 to 1.5 mg/100 ml

c. 1.2 to 1.7 mg/100 ml

d. 2.0 to 2.5 mg/100 ml

A postvoiding radiograph is usually the last radiograph taken to demonstrate which structure(s)?

Select one:

a. Kidneys

b. Bladder 

c. Ureters

How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position?

Select one:

a. 1 inch

b. 2 inches 

c. 3 inches

Contraindications for intravenous urography include: 

(1) anuria 

(2) renal failure 

(3) elderly patients

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The common reactions to contrast media include: 

(1) warmth 

(2) flushing 

(3) anaphylactic reaction

Select one:

a. 1 and 2 

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The outer portion of the kidney is termed the:

Select one:

a. Nephron

b. Cortex 

c. Renal sinus

d. Medulla

For which of the following anatomical areas is the retrograde technique used? 

(1) bladder 

(2) lower ureters 

(3) urethra

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of the iodinated contrast media?

Select one:

a. All answers are correct

b. Some metallic taste in the mouth and a temporary hot flash

c. Moderate itching and sneezing

d. Mild condition of uticaria

How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram?

Select one:

a. 0 degrees

b. 5 degrees caudad 

c. 5 degrees cephalad

d. 10 degrees cephalad

How long is the urethra in the female?

Select one:

a. 1 inch

b. 1 1/2 inches 

c. 2 inches

d. 2 1/2 inches

The urinary system includes which of the following? 

(1) urethra 

(2) two kidneys 

(3) suprarenal glands

Select one:

a. 1 and 2 

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The glomeruli, glomerular capsule, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in the _________of the kidney

Select one:

a. collecting system

b. medulla

c. cortex 

d. fibrous capsule

If a patient experiences convulsions following a contrast media injection, he/she is experiencing a _____reaction

Select one:

a. moderate reaction

b. mild reaction

c. this is not classified as a reaction

d. severe reaction 

Where is the IR centered for all abdominal radiographs taken during examinations of the urinary system?

Select one:

a. L3

b. iliac crests 

c. 2 inches above the iliac crests

d. 2 inches below the iliac crests

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum?

Select one:

a. in the peritoneum

b. behind the peritoneum 

c. in front of the peritoneum

d. in the peritoneal space

Which examination requires the patient to be placed on a special urographic-radiographic examination table?

Select one:

a. retrograde urography

b. cystourethrography

c. retrograde cystography

d. intravenous urography

The left kidney is slightly lower than the right kidney?

Select one:

True

False

Urine will travel from the major calyces to the________.

Select one:

a. renal pyramids

b. minor calyces 

c. ureters

d. Renal pelvis

Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has: 

(1) an iodine allergy 

(2) an aneurysm 

(3) a colostomy

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3 

d. 1, 2, and 3

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographs of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed:

Select one:

a. pyelography

b. antegrade urography

c. intravenous urography

d. nephrotomography

What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?

Select one:

a. 1000-1200ml

b. 500-750ml

c. 350-500ml 

d. 100-250ml

The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron is called the:

Select one:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. Henle's loop

d. glomerulus

When performing the AP oblique projection, RPO position, which kidney will be parallel with the plane of the IR?

Select one:

a. Right

b. Left

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?

Select one:

a. full expiration

b. full inspiration 

c. suspended respiration

d. slow, shallow breathing

What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient?

Select one:

a. AP

b. AP oblique 

c. PA oblique

d. lateral

In order to be radiopaque, gallstones must contain:

Select one:

a. Bilirubin

b. Calcium 

c. Cholesterol

d. Silver bromide

What is the name of the opening on the medial border of the kidneys?

Select one:

a. Pole

b. Base

c. Hilum 

d. Apex

Which of the following serves as the filter for the blood in the kidney?

Select one:

a. glomerulus 

b. afferent tubule

c. Henle's loop

d. the convoluted tubules

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

Select one:

a. posterior wall 

b. superior wall

c. anterior wall

d. posterosuperior wall

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:

Select one:

a. pyloric portion

b. duodenojejunal flexure 

c. right colic flexure

d. descending region

Why should the patient be instructed to empty his or her bladder just before the IVU is to begin?

Select one:

a. To prevent dilution of the opacified urine 

b. To locate the ureteral openings

c. To measure the capacity of the bladder

The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the:

Select one:

a. ureterocalyceal junction

b. cystoureteral junction

c. ureterovesical junction 

d. ureterocystic junction

Acute renal failure will most often occur shortly after injection of contrast media with high-risk patients?

Select one:

True 

False

The tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior portion of the body is the:

Select one:

a. Renal pyramid

b. Renal pelvis

c. Urethra

d. Ureter

Which part of the patient's face is touching the upright bucky, or table, for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)?

Select one:

a. forehead

b. nose

c. chin 

d. nose and chin

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:

Select one:

a. the glomerulus

b. the nephron

c. the calyx

d. Bowman's capsule

An agent that increases excretion of urine is termed:

Select one:

a. cathartic

b. salicylates

c. contrast agent

d. diuretic 

The two kidneys lie:

Select one:

a. behind the peritoneum

b. behind the stomach

c. inside the peritoneum

d. inside the peritoneal cavity

What is the primary purpose of the premedication procedure before an iodinated contrast media study?

Select one:

a. Permits greater enhancement of the kidneys during the IVU 

b. Reduces the risk of a contrast media reaction

c. Decreases the blood pressure for a better study

d. Reduces anxiety

Which one of the following functions is not performed by the urinary system?

Select one:

a. Removing nitrogenous waste

b. Regulating the acid-base and electrolyte balance

c. Regulating water levels in the tissues

d. Producing and releasing adrenline