Term
Which statement is true about Radon?
a) It is an odoriferous release of gas
b) It makes up more than 50% of our average annual exposure to radon
c) It is an internal type of radiation that is ingested in food and water
d) it makes up more than 80% of our average annual exposure to radiation
e) It bombards us from the sun and the stars |
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Definition
| b) It makes up more than 50% of our average annual exposure to radiation |
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Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of x-ray?
a) Long wavelength
b) Short wavelength
c) The same wavelength as radiowaves
d) The same wavelength as microwaves |
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Definition
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Term
Of your bodies and systems which will require the most radiation in an acute blast to screw up?
a) Nervous system
b) Skin and hair system
c) Gastrointestinal system
d) hematologic system |
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Definition
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Term
In what country was x-ray discovered?
a) Brazil
b) Austria
c) Germany
d) The USA
e) Canada (eh) |
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Definition
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Term
Imagine that you are a wee little photon that has sailed through space at a high rate of speed which has carried you into and out of a patient. Of the following, what would be the next thing you encounter?
a) grid
b) film
c) screen
d) cassette |
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Definition
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Term
If you had a film that was too dark, which of the following would solve your problem?
a) Increase kV
b) Decrease SID
c) Decrease mAs
d) Increase the exposure time |
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Definition
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Term
Increasing the time of the exposure will have which effect on the film?
a) lighten it
b) darken it
c) make it grainy
d) accentuate the grid lines |
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Definition
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Term
How does one calculate mAs?
a) kV x time
b) kV x mA
c) mA x time
d) mA x kV x time |
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Definition
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Term
The inverse square law should be considered when doing what?
a) Changing the FFD
b) Changing the tube current
c) Changing the kVp
d) Changing the focal spot size |
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Definition
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Term
Before making an exposure with an x-ray machine which is the first thing that will need to be done to prevent tube damage?
a) tube rating chart calculations
b) tube cooling chart calculations
c) changing alternating current to direct current
d) heating the filament to its proper level and rotating the anode |
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Definition
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Term
A step up transformer will have which effect?
a) increase the amps
b) increase the volts
d) changes AC to DC
e) produces full wave rectification |
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Definition
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Term
Current going through a filament is set by which of the following?
a) mA control
b) kV control
c) Timer
d) Tube distance |
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Definition
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Term
How many electrodes will your x-ray tube have in it?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four |
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Definition
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Term
The number of photons is proportional to which of the following?
a) the filament size
b) the size of the target
c) the high voltage circuit
d) the number of electrons |
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Definition
| d) the number of electrons |
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Term
Of the choices below, which would cause more penumbra?
a) Long SID
b) Large focal spot
c) Short OFD
d) Small collimation field |
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Definition
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Term
X-ray is produced at which tube part?
a) the stem
b) the filament
c) the target
d) the port |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the anode heel responsible for?
a) increased patient exposure
b) large penumbra
c) limits the field of exposure
d) a reduction in the beam intensity |
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Definition
| d) a reduction in the beam intensity |
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Term
Which part of a tube prevents the electron cloud from dispersing beyond its desired location?
a) the anode
b) the filament
c) the focal spot
d) the focusing cup
e) the cathode stem |
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Definition
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Term
The filtration of the x-ray beam as it passes through the collimator is mostly due to which of the following?
a) the light bulb
b) the mirror
c) the shutters
d) the plastic window
e) the cross-hair thingee |
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Definition
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Term
If you were taking an A-P open mouth film for an upper cervical technique, which should you do?
a) collimate out the eyes
b) Do a P-A, not an A-P
c) Use lead goggles over the eyes
d) Use selective filtration over the eyes |
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Definition
| d) use selective filtration over the eyes |
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Term
What part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand in order to set the SID for an upright film?
a) the tube housing
b) the tube cables
c) the tube arm
d) the tube track |
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Definition
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Term
The single greatest risk for a fetus from ionizing radiation exposure from x-ray is which of the following
a) growth retardation
b) microcephaly
c) childhood leukemia
d) nervous system tumors |
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Definition
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Term
If you took a radiograph at 72" and then took another one of the same view at 40" what would you have to do to maintain the same radiographic density?
a) increase the mAs by 3 times
b) increase the mAs by double
c) decrease the mAs by 1/2
d) decrease the mAs by 1/3 |
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Definition
| d) decrease the mAs by 1/3 |
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Term
Imagine that you are sitting in your rad 3 class and are so thoroughly bored you wish that you had brought your Insane Clown Posse CD to keep you awake. Thinking of ICP, your favorite group, your mind dwells on the letter P and you think, "that's funny, we are talking about kVp, maybe I could start a group called the kVp (kilo Volts p) but you can't think of what the p stands for when someone refers to kVp. So you quickly look it up because you don't want to run the risk of missing it on a test. What would you find the p means in kVp?
a) Peak
b) Power
c) Preferred
d) Preprogrammed |
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Definition
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Term
Let's say you have graduated and settles in Quicksand Kentucky where you move a used x-ray machine you bought "sight unseen" from Snidley Whiplash (not the brightest moment of your life). Since Mr. Whiplash already had it crated up the first time you see it is when your installer uncrates it to put it in. He informs you that there is no beam limiting device on it and that since he doesn't have one on hand that you should go down to Gidney and Cloyd's Bait, Tackle, and used x-ray parts shop to see if they have one. The owner shows you what he has. You see a cone, a manual collimator, a semi automatic collimator, a fully automatic collimator, and a lead diaphragm. Remembering what most people prefer today you decide on which one?
a) the cone
b) the manual collimator
c) the semiautomatic collimator
d) the fully automatic collimator
e) The lead diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the largest contributor to the average persons annual exposure from man made sources?
a) diagnostic x-ray
b) nuclear medicine
c) nuclear power
d) consumer products |
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Definition
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Term
On the average, which of the following accounts for over 50% of the typical person's annual radiation exposure?
a) radon
b) diagnostic x-rays
c) ingested food and water
d) the sun and stars |
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Definition
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Term
Of the following, what makes x-ray potentially dangerous?
a) they travel at the speed of light
b) they have a long wavelength
c) they are ionizing
d) they diverge |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following travels at less than the speed of light?
a) radon
b) gamma rays
c) x-rays
d) radiowaves |
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Definition
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Term
Alpha particles are most harmful in people when they do what with them?
a) touch them
b) ingest them
c) see them
d) inhale them |
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Definition
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Term
The first radiographic print was of what body part?
a) head
b) spine
c) hand
d) foot |
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Definition
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Term
kV is the primary controlling factor for which of the following?
a) FFD
d) Density
c) Contrast
d) Screen speed |
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Definition
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Term
When would you apply the inverse square law?
a) When changing the kV
b) When changing the mAs
c) When changing the collimator size
d) When changing the tube distance |
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Definition
| d) when changing the tube distance |
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Term
The initials FFD, TFD, and SID refer to what?
a) the distance between the glass tube
b) the distance between the film and the tube housing
c) the distance between the cassette and the patient
d) the distance between the target and the patient
e) the distance between the source of the x-ray and the film |
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Definition
| e) The distance between the source of the x-ray and the film |
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Term
What does the "P" in kVp stand for?
a) Peak
b) Power
c) Preffered
d) Penetration |
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Definition
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Term
The number of electrons is controlled by the ___.
a) focusing cup
b) low voltage circuit
c) high voltage circuit
d) step up transformer |
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Definition
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Term
What connects the transformer to the tube?
a) the cables
b) the housing
c) the tube track
d) the tube arm |
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Definition
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Term
About what percent of energy from the process of producing x-rays is given off as heat?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) 75%
d) 99% |
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Definition
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Term
What is the minimum anode angle that can be used if you were going to take a 14"x 36" full spine film?
a) 10 degrees
b) 12 degrees
c) 14 degrees
d) 16 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
If you looked into the port of a used x-ray tube and saw that the entire surface of the anode had bumps, which of the following terms best matches this appearance?
a) anode melting
b) anode pitting
c) anode overload
d) anode rotation is slow |
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Definition
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Term
When x-rays are produced, which of the following is responsible for first attenuation of any part of the x-ray beam?
a) the oil surrounding the tube
b) the added filtration
c) the collimator
d) the anode |
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Definition
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Term
Which structure is responsible for confining the cloud of electrons?
a) the small focal spot
b) the cathode stem
c) the focusing cup
d) the anode heel
e) the the filament |
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Definition
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Term
The purpose of the collimator shutters is to ____.
a) filter the periphery of the beam
b) designate the location of the central ray
c) absorb unneeded x-rays
d) align the tube with the film |
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Definition
| c) absorb unneeded x-rays |
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Term
What is used to tell us that the x-ray beam is centered to the part being radiographed?
a) the tube stand
b) the light and mirror
c) the added filtration
d) the adjustable shutters |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the most common reason that compensating filters be used?
a) to reduce patient exposure
b) to reduce secondary radiation
c) to reduce film density
d) to reduce film contrast |
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Definition
| c) to reduce film density |
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Term
Which of the following parts of the tube complex contains lead?
a) the filter
b) the target
c) the window
d) the tube housing |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the best way to identify a patient's film?
a) a paper stick on label after processing
b) a flash on label before processing
c) a permanent marker after film has dried
d) an aluminum holder of lead letters before exposure |
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Definition
| b) a flash on label before processing |
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Term
An acute exposure of four rads would probably have which effect on a pregnant female's fetus?
a) development of thyroid cancer
b) development of cataracts
c) mutations
d) none |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following could cause a TV to experience thermionic emission?
a) focusing cup
b) an anode stem
c) a filament
d) a target |
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Definition
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Term
one millisievert is equal to how many mrems?
a) 1000 mrems
b) 100 mrems
c) 10mrems
d) 1mrem |
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Definition
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Term
Radon comes to us in which form?
a) alpha particles
b) beta particles
c) gamma rays
d) electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
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Term
Give or take a little, natural background radiation accounts for about how much of your annual exposure to ionizing radiation?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 80%
d) 95% |
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Definition
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Term
The beneficial effect of radiation is called ____.
a) radiation hormesis
b) radiation teratogenesis
c) radiation threshold
d) radiation stochastic effect |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a property of x-ray?
a) they are stored in matter
b) they penetrate matter
c) they cause biological effects
d) they cause ionization |
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Definition
| a) they are stored in matter |
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Term
How many rads are in a gray?
a) 25
b) 50
c) 100
d) 200 |
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Definition
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Term
Which unit of measure is usually used for reporting occupational exposure to radiation?
a) Rad
b) Gray
c) Rem
d) Roentgen |
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Definition
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Term
In what year did BJ introduce x-ray into the chiropractic profession?
a) 1895
b) 1900
c) 1910
d) 1924 |
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Definition
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Term
Comparing two tubes, one with an anode angle of 25 degrees, one with an anode angle of 15 degrees, which of the following is the correct statement?
a) the 15 degree will dissipate more heat
b) the 25 degree one will allow a greater tube diameter
c) the 15 degree one will produce greater clarity of an image
d) the 25 degree one will not hold up with a 300 mA-125 kV machine |
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Definition
| c) the 15 degree one will produce greater clarity of an image |
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Term
Of the following which would you expect to receive the highest amount of radiation from an x-ray procedure?
a) the gonads
b) the eyes
c) the bone
d) the skin |
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Definition
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Term
In which of the following forms do we encounter radon?
a) gas
b) solid
c) liquid
d) bundles with no mass |
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Definition
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Term
Higher energy photons are present in which of the following?
a) higher frequency
b) higher wavelength
c) longer wavelength
d) longer frequency |
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Definition
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Term
Radiation hormesis refers to which of the following?
a) the deterministic effect from short term exposure
b) a non-continuous exposure to high doses of radiation
c) Erythema and hair loss from receiving any dose of radiation
d) the beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation |
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Definition
| d) the beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation |
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Term
Dosimetry is used for which of the following?
a) detecting radiation
b) shielding from radiation
c) limiting the beam of x-ray
d) enhancing x-ray intensity |
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Definition
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Term
In which year was x-ray discovered?
a) 1890
b) 1895
c) 1900
d) 1910 |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the primary factor for radiographic contrast?
a) kV
b) mAs
c) FFD
d) Filters |
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Definition
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Term
The focal spot size is usually set in conjunction with which of the following?
a) the low voltage circuit
b) the high voltage circuit
c) the timer circuit
d) the rotor button |
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Definition
| a) the low voltage circuit |
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Term
Which of the following would happen if you lengthened the time of an exposure?
a) you would decrease the film density
b) you would decrease the exposure to the patient
c) you would increase the penetration of the beam
d) you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient |
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Definition
| d) you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient |
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Term
Which primary factor is responsible for the "quality" of an x-ray beam?
a) kVp
b) mA
c) Time
d) FFD |
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Definition
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Term
The mA setting determines which of the following?
a) the current going through to the rectifiers
b) the current going through the filament
c) the current going through the anode
d) the current going through to the timer |
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Definition
| b) the current going through the fillament |
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Term
Which would have the least fluctuation in the kV level?
a) high frequency
b) 2 phase
c) single phase
d) 3 phase |
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Definition
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Term
What propels the electrons in an x-ray tube?
a) kV
b) mA
c) the target
d) the focusing cup |
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Definition
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Term
A tube warm up procedure should be performed using how many exposures?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4 |
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Definition
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Term
Which part of an x-ray tube is the target located in?
a) port
b) anode
c) cathode
d) collimator |
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Definition
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