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| In 1819 this man found a pulse of electrical current traveling at considerable distance could deflect a needle in a dial he had constructed (was the 1st primitive telegraph) |
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| Wilhem Cooke and Charles Wheatstone |
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| developed a working telegraph which was based on Orstead needle deflection and was used by the train system in England |
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| Using electromagnets this person created amore efficient system and on May 25, 1884, using a certain code, sent the first message "What hath God wrought?" |
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| In 1887 a German scientist built a simple transmitter and receiver for radio waves |
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Developed the wireless telegraph (used radio waves) and experimented with different wavelengths and antennas and by working this was able to send a wireless coded message a short distance across his father's estate
Has been deemed the 1st person to broadcast anything on a certain frequency |
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| An enginner at Westinghouse who buit his own radio broadcast center called 8XK |
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| Became the 1st person to broadcast the human voice |
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Invented the Audion tube (vacuum tube)
A three element tube that made the amplification of signals possible.
Became a integral part of home radios. |
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| Radio station licensed under the Westinghouse company after the success of Conrad's radio station. 1st broadcast was the 1920 presidential election returns of Warren Harding v. James Cox |
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| During the early stages of radio all stations ran on what type of modulation? |
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Amplitude Modulation
Used to be very popular; many of the well-known radio stations of the time ran on AM |
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| The signals (for AM modulation) go up into the sky and bounce off the ionosphere and depending on the angle in which they hit a station broadcasting in LA can be heard in NY. |
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It provided for the licensing of transmitters
Did not assign frequency(ies)
Radio was under the leadership of the Commerce Department that could not refuse a license |
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Stated that the airwaves belong to the people
Gave the govt the power to regulate their use for public interest
Got rid of the Commerce Department and set up the Federal Radio Commission |
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(1) Made it clear that licensees had an assigned frequency
(2) Could only use specified power (limited power of transmitters)
(3) Weakest: 250 watt power stations Strongest: 50,000 watt stations
(3) Set up times when you could broadcast
(4) Allocated call letters to stations |
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| Federal Communications Act of 1934 |
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Got rid of the Federal Radio Commission and replaced it with the Federal Communications Commission
Remains the legislation foundation of radio
Mandated stations to carry public affairs programming
Also set up the Fairness Doctrine: Required stations to air opposing viewpoints on controversial issues and had to air both views during the same time frame (RESCINDED IN 1987)
Equal Time Rule: In regards to political candidates for national and state-wide offices the stations were required to sell the candidates air time fo rhte lowest cost of their preferred advertiser |
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| Creeping Cycle of Desensitization |
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Theory developed by Margaret DeFleur
Refers to the increasing failure of the traditional moral norms of society to hold back the depictions of violence, vulgar language, and sexually explicit innuendos and behavior. |
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1935-1950
Considered to be the Golden Age of Radio when radio programming was thought to be super great |
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Was NBC (National Broadcasting Company)
Had a Red Network and a Blue Network
CBS and Mutual soon followed |
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| Frequency Modulation; One of the big advantages was that it was static free and could also carry higher and lower frequencies; unlike AM signals that go in all directions FM travels in a straight line |
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| How did newspapers try to keep radio from broadcasting the review? |
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| They tried to argue that the radio's broadcast of the news was a copyright violation. Many courts ruled that the particular expression of a writer can be copyrighted but the factual content was in the public domain |
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| Who was the 1st person to broadcast news on a regular basis? |
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| Who is given the credit for coining the phrase "rock n roll"? |
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| Allen Freed, a famous disc jockey |
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| The fusion of aspects of country and blues music; made famous by a young star from Memphis, Elvis Presley. |
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| A radio scandal in the 1950s when disc jockeys and radio managers were exposed for taking money to play certain songs over and over again. |
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Has to do with both radio and TV
Some channels on TV were reserved as early as 1941 for non-commercial, educational purposes
Corporation for Public Broadcasting was a non-profit organization that received federal funding and ultimately allocated these funds to TV stations
NPR (National Public Radio) |
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| Non-Duplication Rule of 1965 |
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| Congress passed this rule which prevented a station which had both AM and FM outlets from simul-casting more than 50% of the time. |
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