Term
| 3 questions to ask for light and darkness of a radiograph |
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Definition
1) Is it under or overexposes
2) Is there proper x-ray penetration
3) Is the contract appropriate |
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Term
| 2 primary questions to ask when evaluating a radiograph |
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Definition
1) Is the film too light or too dark?
2) Is the density suitable? |
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Term
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Definition
1) Place object as close to the cassette as possible
2) Make sure area of interest is parallel to the cassette
3) Center primary beam and insure it is perpendicular to the cassette |
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Term
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Definition
| When the object is not parallel to the film. Causes object to appear shorter than it really is. |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray tube not perpendicular to the object. Causes object to appear longer than it really is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Object not as close to film as possible. Object appears larger than it really is. |
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Term
| 3 Radiographic Distortions |
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Definition
| Foreshortening, Elongation, Magnification |
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Term
| Image sharpness is affected by... |
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Definition
| Motion, geometric and material unsharpness |
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Term
High = Short = Low = High
Contrast Scale KVP MAS |
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Definition
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Term
Low = Long = High = Low
Contrast Scale KVP MAS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Wide Latitude - needs large changes, less sensitive
Short Latitude - needs minor changes, more sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
1) Gradual changes in black and white
2) Many shades of gray
3) Long scale contrast - soft tissue |
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Term
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Definition
1) Abrupt changes in b&w
2) Mostly b&w, little gray
3) Short Scale (orthopedics) |
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Term
| Other factors affecting radiographic contrast... |
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Definition
| Tissue density and thickness |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between 2 adjacent densities; describes the variation in density. |
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Term
| Variables affecting film density |
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Definition
1) KvP
2) SID
3) Processing
4) Film brand |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 factors that affect a radiographic image |
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Definition
1) MA
2) KVP
3) Time
4) Distance |
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Term
| 3 factors affecting x-ray penetration |
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Definition
1) Wavelength
2) Subject composition
3) Tissue thickness |
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Term
| Diagnostic radiograph characteristics |
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Definition
1) Sufficient density
2) Sufficient contrast
3) Sufficient definition
4) Sufficient penetration |
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Term
| Radiographic quality is based on... |
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Definition
| Density, contrast, definition |
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Term
| 3 types of intensifying screens |
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Definition
1) Rare-earth
2) Hi-Plus
3) Ultra-Detail |
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Term
| Rare Earth Screen details |
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Definition
1) High speed
2) Larger crystals
3) Higher cost
4) Combined high speed with good resolution |
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Term
| Key Issues when filing film |
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Definition
1)keep for at least 7 years
2) Patient name, owner name, date, view |
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Term
| Film ID should include... |
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Definition
1) Name of hospital
2) Owner name
3) pet name
4) Date
5) View |
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Term
| 3 legal methods for ID'ing Film |
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Definition
1) Lead letters on cassette
2) Lead labeling tape
3) Photoimprinter |
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Term
| Automatic processing advantages |
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Definition
1) Reduces drying/developing time
2) Reduces artifacts
3) More consistency in processing
4) Less expertise required |
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Term
| Automatic processing disadvantages |
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Definition
1) Higher cost
2) Ongoing maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
1) Removes fixer
2) Inadequate time can cause artifacts |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Removes unexposed silver halide crystals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic crystals |
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Term
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Definition
1) Develop
2) Rinse
3) Fix
4) Wash
5) Dry |
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Term
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Definition
1) Keep organized
2) Light proof
3) Keep clean
4) Well ventilated |
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Term
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Definition
| Lead strips perpindicualar to the table |
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Term
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Definition
| Lead is parallel to the natural beam |
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Term
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Definition
| Are superimposed on each other, cross-hatch patter - make sure beam is parallel to grid |
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Term
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Definition
1) Absorbs back-scatter radiation
2) Produces better contrast |
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Term
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Definition
1) Store vertically
2) Cool, low humidity
3) check exp. dates
4) avoid formalin, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
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Definition
1) High detail
2) Small crystals
3) Increased exposure time
4) Increased detail
5) Greater latitude for exp. factors |
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Term
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Definition
1) Par (standard) film
2) Most common
3) Medium sized crystals
4) Medium exposure
5) Medium detail |
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Term
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Definition
1) Considered ultaspeed
2) Large, silver halide crystals
3) Less resolution
4) Less exposure needed |
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Term
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Definition
1) More sensitive to x-rays than visible light
2) Need more x-rays to expose
3) Increased detail
4) Common for dental x-rays |
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Term
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Definition
1) Silver halide crystals
2) Need less x-rays to develop
3) Sensitive to blue light
4) Rare Earth screens sensitive to green light |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Slow speed
2) Smaller crystals
3) Excellent resolution
4) Great for orthopedics |
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Term
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Definition
1) Most common
2) Medium sized crystals
3) Medium speed
4) Average resolution
5) Good for general x-rays |
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Term
| Functions of the cassette |
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Definition
1) provide close contact between film and screen
2) Light-proof container
3) Protect screen and film |
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Term
| Functions of the intensifying screen |
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Definition
1) Line front and back of cassette
2) Plastic sheet coated with phospor material
3) Emits light when exposed to x-rays
4) Reduces amount of raditation required. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Larger crystals
2) Less radiation needed
3) Poor resolution
4) Grainier |
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Term
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Definition
1) Smaller crystals
2) More radiation needed
3) Better resolution
4) Less graininess |
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