Term
| What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation? |
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Definition
| ionizing has enough energy to cause atoms to lose electrons (xray gamma, alpha) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True or False
x rays are not ionizing radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary beam vs secondary? When is it acceptable to be exposed to the primary beam? |
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Definition
Primary = direct exposure to xrays on their original path
-never acceptable
Scatter - xrays that were deflected |
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Term
True or False
Lead barriers are meant to protect users from exposure to the primary beam |
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Definition
| false - scatter beam (lower energy than primary beam) |
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Term
| Examples of stochastic effects of radiation exposure... |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of deterministic effects of radiation exposure... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| As Low AS Reasonably Achievable |
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Term
| 3 principles of radiation protection + examples of how you can work to achieve each |
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Definition
Time
-don't manually restrain, rotate shifts in radiology, minimize re-tales
Distance
-exposure intensity is inversely proportional to distance from source
-use devices to hold casette, restrain patient etc
Shielding
-walls (leave room if you can), protective attire |
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Term
| Main source of xray exposure in practice is due to... |
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Definition
| manual restraint of patients |
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Term
| Dosimiters should be place above/below the lead |
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Definition
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Term
| Portion of x-ray machine that actually makes xras |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 components of an xray tube |
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Definition
cathode
anode
generator
housing (heat dissipation, creates vacuum) |
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Term
| When an x-ray beam is generated, it starts at the ____ and electrons will target the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the generator do? |
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Definition
| creates a voltage potential across the tube |
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Term
Put these in order:
Electrons are accelerated towards rotating anode
Electrons interact with atoms of the anode to create x-rays
Anode begins to rotate
Cathode is heated and e-cloud is formed
Voltage is applied across the tube
Focusing cup keeps the e- contained |
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Definition
Cathode is heated and e-cloud is formed
Focusing cup keeps the e- contained
Anode begins to rotate
Voltage is applied across the tube
Electrons are accelerated towards rotating anode
Electrons interact with atoms of the anode to create x-rays |
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Term
| What is a Bremsstrauhlung xray? |
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Definition
| xray generated by electrons slowing down when they hit the anode, causing energy to be released |
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Term
| What is a characteristic xray? |
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Definition
| xray generated by electrons bombarding the anode, displacing the electrons already within it |
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Term
| Xray production happens at the (anode/cathode) |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Only 1% of electrons that leave the cathode, contribute to generating the diagnostic x-ray beam |
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Definition
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Term
| What is kVP? A higher kVP will (increase/decrease) energy of the xray and (increase/decrease) the number of xrays generated |
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Definition
the voltage potential applied across the tube
increase energy
increase number |
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Term
What does changing the mA do?
A higher mA will (increase/decrease) energy of the xray and (increase/decrease) the number of xrays generated |
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Definition
controls side of electron cloud (number of electrons)
doesn't affect energy
increases number |
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Term
| If a current is applied to the cathode for a longer time, the number of xrays produced will (increase/decrease) |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking a radiograph of a dog's chest, what is the most important factor to consider when setting the xray machine? |
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Definition
| want the time of exposure to be short as possible to reduce the amount of motion that appears on film |
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Term
| How can you compensate for an animal that is moving while trying to take a radiograph? |
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Definition
restraint
decrease S
increase mA |
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Term
T or F
The whitest areas of a radiograph are where the xray beam was blocked |
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Definition
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Term
| What principle of xray physics is responsible or image generation? |
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Definition
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