Term
absorbed dose of radiation expressed
in as energy/gram of tissue exposed |
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Definition
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Term
100 rads; measurement of
dose of external beam radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| - Absorbed dose (Grays) times the relative biologic effectiveness |
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Definition
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Term
| disentegrations/seconds of spontaneously disintegrating radionuclide; dose of radio-isotope administered |
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Definition
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Term
| When are cells most sensitive to radiation injury? |
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Definition
cells in cell cycle
DNA is the most important target |
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Term
| What cells are considered radiosensitive and why? |
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Definition
They are rapidly deviding!
- Hematopoietic cells: lymphocytes and PRECURSORS of WBCs, RBCs, platelets
- Germ cells: ova and spermatogonia
- GI/respiratory epithelium; salivary glands
- Skin and hair follicles
- Endothelium |
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Term
| Effects of radition on growth and development in Fetal period: 9 weeks to birth |
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Definition
- CNS dysfunction; underdeveloped reproductive organs;
risk of leukemia;
brain tumors |
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Term
| After radiation what time periods go with what cancers? ( Latent periods) |
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Definition
| 2 years latency for leukemia ( elevated risk for 20 yrs) around 10 years solid tumors begin |
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Term
| In Acute Radiation Syndrome if you effect bone marrow only what are symptoms and treatment and peak of symptoms? |
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Definition
Leukopenia,
Hemorrhage
Hair loss
Vomiting w/in hrs.
Peak/latency at 4 wks
BM transplant |
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Term
| If small bowel affected in Acute Radiation Syndrome what happens |
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Definition
Vomiting, SEVERE diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, fever ( get infections)
100% die
3-4 days peak effects/latency |
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Term
| A pt has Vomiting, Ataxia, Coma, Convulsions and 0 lymphs, what do they have and what are there chances of living? |
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Definition
Acute Radiation Syndrome
Death rate is 100% |
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Term
| Diagnosis of cancer requires: |
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Definition
| - biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
Wasting syndrome: loss of body fat and lean body mass with profound weakness, anorexia and anemia.
50% of cancer patients. |
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Term
what tumor agent increases
fatty acid oxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things make paraneoplastic syndromes important? |
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Definition
- May precede detectable tumor allowing for early diagnosis - May be lethal - May mimic metastatic disease
10% of cancers have them |
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Term
| what are the two types of paraneoplastic syndromes |
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Definition
Two types:
- Endocrinopathies- elaboration of
hormone-like substances
-Syndromes due to antibodies |
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Term
| Clinical Features of Tumors Local effects of tumors? |
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Definition
obstruction
hemorrhage
insufficiencies
necrosis: bleed
Infection |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms suggesting malignancy: |
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Definition
- 10% wt. loss w/o dieting
- Very low serum cholestero |
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Term
| common Paraneoplastic syndromes Cushing syndrome due to |
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Definition
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Term
| common Paraneoplastic syndromes Polycythemia due to |
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Definition
| erythropoietin production by renal tubular carcinoma |
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Term
common Paraneoplastic syndromes Hypercalcemia due to tumor production of a parathormone-related protein
which tumor do this? (3) |
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Definition
| (primary tumors include lung, kidney, breast) |
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Term
| Paraneoplastic syndromes that are Neurologic and neuromuscular syndromes are usually |
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Definition
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Term
- Antibody mediated progressive muscle weakness
- Associated with lung cancer |
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Definition
Myasthenic syndrome ( Lambert-Eaton
syndrome)
Paraneoplastic syndromes |
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Term
| • They do NOT make the diagnosis of cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor Marker for colon cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor Marker for choriocarcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor Marker for • breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor Marker for ovarian cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor Marker for pancreatic cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| The Tumor Marker Alpha-fetoprotein is associated with what two cancers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three tumor markers for neuroblastoma |
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Definition
VMA; HVA, NSE
( VMA and HVA are breakdown products of catecholamines) |
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Term
| - malignancy derived from placenta or germ cells (ovary; testis tumors) |
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Definition
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