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Racial and Ethic Inequality
In this chapter we will focus on the meaning of race and ethicity.
28
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
04/20/2012

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Term
Affirmative Action
Definition
Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational. opportunities.
Term
Amalgamation
Definition
The process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group.
Term
Anti-Semitism
Definition
Anti-Jewish prejudice.
Term
Apartheid
Definition
A former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites.
Term
Assimilation
Definition
The process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
Term
Black power
Definition
A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
Term
Color-blind racism
Definition
The use of race-neutral principles to defend a racially unequal status quo.
Term
Contact hypothesis
Definition
An interactionist perspective which states that in cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons.
Term
Ethnic group
Definition
A group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or cultural patterns.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others.
Term
Exploitation theory
Definition
A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.
Term
Genocide
Definition
The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individuals gender, race, or ethnicity.
Term
Hate crime
Definition
A criminal offense committed because of the offender’s bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation.
Term
Institutional discrimination
Definition
The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.
Term
Minority group
Definition
A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.
Term
Mode
Definition
or ideal minority A minority group that despite past prejudice and discrimination, succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to confrontations with Whites.
Term
Nisei
Definition
Children born in the United States to the Issei.
Term
Pluralism Mutual
Definition
respect for one another’s cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice.
Term
Prejudice
Definition
A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority.
Term
Racial formation
Definition
a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed.
Term
Racial group
Definition
A group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences.
Term
Racial profiling
Definition
Any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior.
Term
Racism
Definition
The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior.
Term
Segregation
Definition
The physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
Term
Stereotype
Definition
An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group.
Term
Symbolic ethnicity
Definition
An ethnic identity that emphasizes such concerns as ethnic food and political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage.
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