Term
You can receive an electric shock if...
-you touch two live wires with different ___ at the same time.
-you touch an ___ wire and a ___ wire at the same time
-you touch another ___ who is receiving an electric shock.
-you touch an electrical component that is not properly ___ and you re touching the ___. |
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Definition
| voltages; energized; ground; person; grounded; ground |
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Term
| Electric shock involving a current above around 10 mA (milliampere) is sometimes called a "___ ___", which means the person receiving the shock may not be able to release the muscles holding the wire, tool, or object that is the path of the current. |
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Definition
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Term
| The maximum amount of current that a wire can carry safely without overheating is known as the wire's ___ |
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Definition
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Term
sign of potential electrical hazard:
-a circuit breaker or GFCI that ___ often
-a burning ___ near an energized electrical device
-a tool, appliance, or wire that feels ___ to the touch
-___, ___, or ___ wire insulation |
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Definition
| trips; odor; warm; worn, frayed, or damaged |
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Term
A properly-grounded extension cord system has four components:
1. A ___-prong plug with a ___ prong at one end of the cord
2. A three-wire grounding-type ___ at one end of the cord
3. A properly ___ outlet
4. a ___ wire in the cord (the ground wire) |
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Definition
| three; grounding; receptacle; grounded; third |
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Term
| A ___ extension cord system is most appropriate for a power supply cord between a wall outlet and an appliance rated below the maximum current for which the extension cord is rated |
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Definition
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Term
| An overcurrent protection device that automatically "trips" and shuts off the current in a circuit if too much current is present in that circuit and can be reset after being tripped is called a/an ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Dry skin has a resistance of approximately _____ ohms; wet skin has a resistance of approximately ______ ohms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the standards used to guide procedures and calibration in the field of audiology are developed under consensus standard procedures by ___ |
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Definition
| the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
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Term
| Are the standards published by organizations like ANSI, IEC, and ISO considered to have the force of law? |
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Definition
| No, but language from these standards may be adopted into or referred to in legally-binding documents, laws, and regulations. |
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Term
| The __________________ is an accredited standards developer. Its program includes four accredited standards committees: S1 (Acoustics), S2 (Mechanical Vibration and Shock), S3 (Bioacoustics), and S12 (Noise) |
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Definition
| Acoustical Society of America (ASA) |
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Term
| Most ANSI standards that deal with acoustics or aspects of sound - including most standards pertinent to the field of audiology - are published by ANSI Accredited Standards Group _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ANSI standard S3.39-1987 (R2007), the number "1987" means what? |
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Definition
| The year the standard was developed or last revised |
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Term
| ANSI standards must be reaffirmed, revised, or withdrawn every ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Per ANSI, the "degree of usability" for a given mobile phone for users of hearing aids is a function of two ratings, M and T, which represent __________ and ___________ respectively. |
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Definition
| acoustic microphone performance; telecoil performance |
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Term
| Preves (2008) describes work conducted by ANSI/IEEE accredited standards committee C63 (EMC) for the purpose of developing standards for ___ ___ and other ___ ___ emitted by digital mobile phones which may affect performance of digital hearing aids. |
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Definition
| radio frequency (RF); electromagnetic interference |
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Term
| experts who make up ANSI Working Groups and draft the standards published by ANSI are not ___ by ANSI, often must complete work on their ___ ___, and must ___ dues to participate in international standards development. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: historically, hearing aid standards developed by ANSI and by IEC have had areas of conflicting language or requirements. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________ states that energy within a system can neither be created nor destroyed, but only transferred from one point to another or transduced from one form to another. |
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Definition
| The law of conservation of energy |
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Term
| ____ states that sound energy is reduced by a factor of four with each doubling of distance from the sound source. |
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Definition
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Term
| The speed of sound in air, expressed in feet per second, is about _____ feet per second |
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Definition
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Term
| A decibel is a ratio of two values. What are the two values a decibel measure compares? |
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Definition
| A measured value to a reference value |
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Term
| What is the mathematical relation between power and pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The softest sound the human ear can hear can be expressed as about ________. |
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Definition
| .0002 dynes / square centimeter |
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Term
| A sound with an intensity of 50 bels IL also has an intensity of ____ decibels IL. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: the inverse square law applies equally to sound intensity (dB IL) and sound pressure (dB SPL). |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern alternating-current power generators are alternators with ____ phase(s). |
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Definition
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Term
| A current in which voltage is constant as a function of time and electrons constantly flow in a single direction is known as a/an _______ current |
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Definition
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Term
The process of connecting an electrical circuit (or a device containing an electrical circuit) to the earth is known as __________. This limits the buildup of ___ ___, prevents electrical shock in the case of ___ failure, and allows a path for current to ___ a wire rather than heating the wire and potentially causing a fire or other damage. |
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Definition
| grounding; static electricity; insulation; leave |
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Term
| The measure of an object's or material's ability to store electrical charge is known as its ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two particles that each have a positive electrical charge will repel each other; two particles that each have a negative electrical charge will repel each other. Two particles with opposing charges will attract each other. The force of the attraction or repulsion between particles can be calculated using the formula pictured. The phenomenon described here is known as _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A/an ______________ is a device that stores electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field when a charging current passes through it. |
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Definition
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Term
| In North America, mains electricity is supplied by a/an __________ current source with a voltage of about __________ V and cycling at about ____________ Hz. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are studying a circuit that you know contains five resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5) in some configuration and has current flowing through it. When you remove R3, current no longer flows through the circuit. What can you deduce about this circuit? |
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Definition
| The five resistors are in a serial configuration. |
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Term
| The phenomenon in which a (uni)directional microphone produces an unwanted boost in the low-frequency content of a voice due to its nearness to the talker's mouth is known as the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of pure-tone audiometry to test members of the military began around the end of what military conflict? |
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Definition
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Term
| The element _________________ is an example of a semiconducting material commonly used in electronics. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first procedures for testing frequency-specific (especially high frequency) hearing are credited to ____________ and were developed around _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of increasing the amplitude of a sound signal while leaving its other characteristics (ie, frequency, time) intact is known as ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If an amplifier has an input signal of 55 dB SPL and an output signal of 65 dB SPL, what is the gain of that amplifier? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary difference between an electret microphone and a standard condensor microphone is _______________. |
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Definition
| the electret microphone is self-biased (it does not require an external power source). |
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Term
| A ___ and an ___ are part of a standard transistor, but a ___ ___ is not. |
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Definition
| collector; emitter; cathode filament |
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Term
| Per ANSI S3.6 - 2004, a patient with a hearing threshold of 45 dB HL at 2000 Hz when tested under TDH 49 supra-aural headphones is able to detect a 2000 Hz tone at a minimum of _________ dB SPL. |
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Definition
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Term
Decibel measures and their reference values:
-dB IL - __-__ watts/cm2
-dB SL - patient's own ___ at the given frequency
-dB SPL - __ micropascals
-dB HL - sound pressure necessary for a normal human listener to ___ hear the sound at the given frequency |
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Definition
| 10 -16; threshold; 20; just |
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Term
| A common estimate of the human dynamic range of hearing for intensity is about a 1,000,000-fold (million-fold) range. In other words, the loudest sound a human ear can perceive is about ___ million times louder than the softest sound it can perceive. Using the dB SPL reference provided in your assignment, this is equivalent to a range of about ____________ dB SPL. |
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Definition
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Term
| The acronym RETSPL stands for... |
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Definition
| Reference Equivalent Threshold Sound Pressure Level |
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Term
| Logarithm is just another word for... |
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Definition
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Term
| In the formula pictured, PO represents _________. [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Using the reference for intensity level provided in the assignment, an observed sound intensity of 10-11 watts/cm2 is equivalent to _________ dB IL. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mathematically, the difference in calculating a dB ratio in a pressure measurement and a power measurement can be stated as: Sound power = sound ___ squared, so to make a power measure proportional to pressure, the ___ must be squared. |
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Definition
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Term
| Choose the best answer: Using the ANSI S3.6-2004 standard, if you wished to produce a 1000 Hz tone and a 6000 Hz tone under TDH-49 headphones that would each be 10 dB above a normal human listener's threshold, _________________. |
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Definition
| the 6000 Hz tone would need to be about 6 dB louder than the 1000 Hz tone. |
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Term
| According to your assignment, decibel measures are least appropriate for expressing __________. |
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Definition
| perceived sound loudness. |
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Term
| A capacitor loudspeaker operates in a manner opposite that of a/an ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| According to surveys published in the late 1990s, about _____________ % of audiologists primarily used monitored live voice for speech recognition testing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The standard display of a clinical tympanogram shows the inverse of an impedance curve. In other words, the standard clinical tympanogram displays the ____________ of the outer and middle ear for a stimulus tone. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Roeser and Clark (2008), the two essential requirements for any speech-recognition testing are that ___ materials be used and that the same ___ and ___ be used across test instances |
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Definition
| standardized; stimuli; procedures |
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Term
| In a band-reject filter, the resonant frequency where the filter is purely resistive is found ___ between the cutoffs for the low-pass and high-pass filters |
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Definition
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Term
| Because it is not possible to construct a real filter with an instantaneous cutoff, the cutoff frequency for a filter is generally plotted at about the midpoint between the filter's ___ ___ and ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
This image illustrates a ___________.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| The greatest response for cortical and subcortical auditory electrical potentials is between about 1-30 Hz. It would be most useful, therefore, for a measurement system assessing these potentials to employ a/an _________________. |
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Definition
| low pass filter with fc = 100 Hz |
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Term
| In a DC circuit where reactance equals zero, impedance is equal to ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Studies generally show that patients perform ____________ on speech-recognition tasks using MLV compared to the same speech-recognition tasks using calibrated recorded stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the chapter, the criterion for measurement of a present OAE relative to surrounding noise is ___ dB |
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Definition
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Term
| The acronym in VU meter is? |
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Definition
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Term
| An acoustic admittance measurement system measures acoustic admittance as a ratio of _______ (held constant by the system) to _______ (measured by the system) |
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Definition
| volume velocity; sound pressure |
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Term
| A primary goal in development of the CE-chirp stimulus was ____ |
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Definition
| enhancement of wave V for newborn hearing screening using automated ABR |
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Term
| The "distortion" in distortion product otoacoustic emissions refers to a mathematically predictable sound signals composed of nonharmonically spaced frequencies that reflect the sum and difference of the ___ ___ tones |
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Definition
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Term
| For masking of tones using bands of noise, as tone frequency increases what happens to the critical band? |
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Definition
| The center frequency and bandwidth of the critical band both increase |
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Term
| One component of an audiometer, a/an ___ ___, may consist of an electronic circuit in which white noise is routed to an amplifier and biased at a given voltage, then amplified and routed to a circuit in which a series of inductors and capacitors are adjusted to create a resonance that emphasizes a given frequency while rejecting others. |
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Definition
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Term
| In audiometry, a warble tone is modulated in the ___ domain |
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