Term
The dominant industrial sector in the rural U.S. today is
a. Agriculture
b. Mining
c. Services
d. Government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Although both rural and urban economies in the U.S. became more dependent on the service sector between 1970 and 2000,
a. Rural areas experienced greater growth in producer services compared to urban areas
b. Rural areas experienced greater growth in private services compared to urban areas
c. Urban areas experienced a greater growth in private services compared to rural areas
d. Agriculture remained the most dominant industry in rural areas |
|
Definition
| b. Rural areas experienced greater growth in private services compared to urban areas |
|
|
Term
In terms of labor force participation, rural and urban areas differ in
a. The likelihood of a person being underemployed
b. The percent of women participating in the workforce
c. Unemployment rates
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
| a. The likelihood of a person being underemployed |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that the greater interdependence between rural and urban areas is the result of
a. Increased local dependence on external investment
b. The greater influence of state and national policies
c. The decrease in the influence (supplanting) of local institutions
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- Increased local dependence on external investment
- The greater influence of state and national policies
- The decrease in the influence (supplanting) of local institutions |
|
|
Term
One problematic outcome of globalization on rural economies is
a. Short term unemployment
b. Long term unemployment
c. The replacement of secure higher skill jobs with vulnerable lower skill jobs
d. A and c
e. B and c |
|
Definition
e. B and c
- Long term unemployment
- The replacement of secure higher skill jobs with vulnerable lower skill jobs |
|
|
Term
Rural sociologists study the relationship between society and the environment including
a. The ways in which land, landscape, and natural resources affect the economies of rural areas
b. The ways in which land, landscape, and natural resources affect the identities and culture of rural areas
c. The social and economic activities that affect the environment and natural resources
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- The ways in which land, landscape, and natural resources affect the economies of rural areas
- The ways in which land, landscape, and natural resources affect the identities and culture of rural areas
- The social and economic activities that affect the environment and natural resources |
|
|
Term
Rural sociologists are interested in natural amenities because
a. They impact tourism and recreation opportunities in rural ares
b. They influence migration patterns and economic structures in rural communities
c. Humans impact natural amenities in negative ways but do not in positive ways
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
e. A and b
- They impact tourism and recreation opportunities in rural ares
- They influence migration patterns and economic structures in rural communities |
|
|
Term
Rural sociologists study ways in which communities interact with the environment because
a. Environmental issues pose opportunities for community engagement
b. Environmental issues always lead to conflict in rural communities
c. Rural communities don't always have the capacity to make decisions about land and natural resource use
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
| a. Environmental issues pose opportunities for community engagement |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that communities experiencing booms in natural resource extraction should
a. Focus on the "build-out" phase in order to maximize economic benefits
b. Work to diversify their economy to be sustainable during bust periods
c. Work to develop reliance of external sources of capacity for managing community change
d. None of the above |
|
Definition
| b. Work to diversify their economy to be sustainable during bust periods |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that alternative energy production can be
a. Problematic for rural communities in terms of economic benefits
b. Helpful in developing global food security
c. Problematic for rural communities in terms of changes to the landscape
c. All of the above |
|
Definition
| c. Problematic for rural communities in terms of changes to the landscape |
|
|
Term
Although agriculture does not provide a large share of employment in rural areas, it remains an important component of
a. Food security in rural and urban areas
b. Symbolic significance for rural areas and national identity
c. The dominant sector of the economy in rural areas
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
e. A and b
- Food security in rural and urban areas
- Symbolic significance for rural areas and national identity |
|
|
Term
Changes in agriculture have been influenced by society through
a. Mechanization and technological development
b. National Policy
c. Globalization of the economy and the food system
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- Mechanization and technological development
- National Policy
- Globalization of the economy and the food system |
|
|
Term
During the farm crisis in the 1980s, agriculture impacted society in ways such as
a. Dramatic increases in family violence, divorce, and alcohol abuse
b. Decline in rural economies and communities
c. Development of activism around farming
d. All of the above
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- Dramatic increases in family violence, divorce, and alcohol abuse
- Decline in rural economies and communities
- Development of activism around farming |
|
|
Term
Farmers in the U.S. are most likely to be
a. Older white men
b. Middle-aged women veterans
c. Hispanic people that identify their race as white
d. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that thinking about agriculture as part of the food system reveals its role in
a. Human health
b. Community Development
c. International relations
d. All of the above
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- Human health
- Community Development
- International relations |
|
|
Term
The UN Commission on Sustainable Development recommends that rural development include
a. A healthy and dynamic sector
b. Eradicating poverty and building social capital among women, small-scale farmers, and indigenous people
c. Developing and implementing comprehensive strategies for dealing with climate change, drought, desertification, and natural disaster
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- A healthy and dynamic sector
- Eradicating poverty and building social capital among women, small-scale farmers, and indigenous people
- Developing and implementing comprehensive strategies for dealing with climate change, drought, desertification, and natural disaster |
|
|
Term
The UN report on Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture points out that agriculture, forests, and fisheries have the potential to
a. Provide nutritious food for all
b. Generate decent incomes
c. Protect the environment
d. All of the above
e. A and b |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- Provide nutritious food for all
- Generate decent incomes
- Protect the environment |
|
|
Term
The UN Commission on the Status of Women reports that
a. Women in Africa have the greatest access to agricultural land and resources
b. Women in Africa are mostly in charge of preparing food in the home, not producing food in the field
c. Women in Africa play a significant role in agriculture, and the greater investment in women will improve production and livelihoods
d. All of the above
e. A and c |
|
Definition
| c. Women in Africa play a significant role in agriculture, and the greater investment in women will improve production and livelihoods |
|
|
Term
Yetkin Borlu argued that small-scale farmers are important in the context of agriculture in developing countries because
a. Small-scale farmers contribute to a significant (often the majority) portion of agricultural production
b. The percent of small-scale farmers is increasing, especially in countries like Turkey
c. People in developing countries are more interested in the local food movement than people in countries like the U.S.
d. None of the above |
|
Definition
| a. Small-scale farmers contribute to a significant (often the majority) portion of agricultural production |
|
|
Term
Meredith Field's description of international development work in Nicaragua included examples of
a. Bridging social capital between foreign and local communities
b. Bonding social capital within the village of Nicaragua
c. Both bonding and bridging social capital
d. None of the above |
|
Definition
| c. Both bonding and bridging social capital |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that demographic changes in rural communities can have positive or negative effects depending on
a. The effectiveness and responsiveness of local institutions to the changes
b. How rural communities position themselves with respect to external forces
c. Whether national and regional policies are designed to promote rural well-being
d. All of the above
e. A and c |
|
Definition
d. All of the above
- The effectiveness and responsiveness of local institutions to the changes
- How rural communities position themselves with respect to external forces
- Whether national and regional policies are designed to promote rural well-being |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that amid economic restructuring
a. Workers in rural communities have more support in maintaining well-being
b. There are no economic opportunities available to rural communities
c. Global-local linkages are fundamentally harmful to rural communities
d. B and c
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that ultimately, ameliorating poverty in rural communities requires
a. Understanding and dealing with the root causes of poverty
b. Generating strategies to change the culture of poverty
c. Making Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (welfare) more accessible to rural communities
d. None of the above
e. B and c |
|
Definition
| a. Understanding and dealing with the root causes of poverty |
|
|
Term
The "Rural Policy Choice" refers to the two major perspectives or assumptions driving rural policy, which are
a. Equity, the idea that rural communities have intrinsic value
b. Efficiency, the idea that rural communities are valued as commodities
c. Efficacy, the idea that policy can make rural communities more effective
d. A and b
e. A and c |
|
Definition
d. A and b
- Equity, the idea that rural communities have intrinsic value
- Efficiency, the idea that rural communities are valued as commodities |
|
|
Term
Brown & Schafft argue that a national rural policy should be created by the US Department of Agriculture because that is the federal agency that is most relevant to rural communities
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
|
|
