Term
| What are the levels of organization from highest to lowest? |
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Definition
- Crop
- Plant
- Organ
- Tissue
- Cell
- Organelle
- Molecule
- Atom
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Term
| What are levels of organization based on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is DNA not the blueprint of life? |
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Definition
| DNA is more like a parts list. We know what is required to make something |
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Term
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Definition
Breaking large topics down into smaller ones
Airplane analogy |
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Term
| Looking at levels of Organization, what kind of jumps can you make? |
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Definition
| Small ones (ie. canopy to leaf) |
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Term
| Why was there a large increase in maize yields? |
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Definition
| Introduction of fertilizer and herbicide use |
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Term
| Why does Corn's LAI develop later? |
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Definition
| Due to later planting. Look at crop's ability to intercept radiation to predict biomass production |
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Term
| What is the difference between Crop and Plant Physiology? |
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Definition
Crop Physiology
- Doesn't stop at individual plant level
- Uses spacital scale (canopy scale)
- Includes plant community (ie. field of corn) in levels of organization
Plant Physiology
- Looks at cellular and sub-cellular processes
- Looks at whole plant and stops at individual plant
- Each plant responds differently to the elements it is exposed to |
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Term
| How is Agronomy diferent that Crop Physiology? |
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Definition
Agronomy
- Works at high levels of organization
- Processes are extremely complex at this level
- Looks at "how and what" rather than "why" questions
- Results may not be fully portable |
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Term
| What are the 2 components to scientific approaches in agriculture? |
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Definition
- Isolation (this reduces complicating and unpredictable influences of external items)
- Reduction (investigates natural phenomena by looking at individual components)
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Term
| What is the difference between growth and development? |
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Definition
Growth - simple increase in mass, volume, height. Mainly used to refer to an INCREASE IN DRY MATTER
Development - attainment of particular stages of the life cycle of a crop. Associated with an increase in complexity |
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Term
| Does a seed in the dark grow? |
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Definition
| No. It develops, but doesn't grow because no dry matter is accumulated |
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Term
| Can growth occur without development? |
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Definition
| Yes. For instance, in the grain filling period when starch is acquired |
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Term
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Definition
| qualitative and quantitative description of a plant's life cycle from seed to seed |
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Term
| What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative phenology? |
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Definition
Qualitative - morphological development; partitioning the life cycle into distinct development stages
Quantitative - rate of development and duration of life cycle |
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Term
| What are 2 things that influence Phenology? |
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Definition
| temperature and photoperiod |
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Term
| What is a determinant species? |
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Definition
Clear distinction between vegetative and reproductive stages
Vegetative structures made before flowering. As soon as 1 flower appears, then it is in reproductive phase |
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Term
| What is an indeterminant species? |
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Definition
| Vegetative and reproductive stage overlap |
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Term
| What is the difference between crop and plant development staging? |
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Definition
Crop - declare that a stage has been reached once 50% of plants are at or beyond the stage
Plant - easy to stage 1 plant |
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Term
| Describe the 3 parts to functional phenology |
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Definition
- Establishing machinery - machinery produces raw materials to be used later (ie. leaves for photosynthesis)
- Potential period - potential size of final economic yield is established. If a stress occurs here, there is a limit on yield potential
- Economic product made - this is the grain filling period (usually very short)
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Term
| What is the Rate of Development? |
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Definition
the inverse of the amount of time between 2 subsequent developmental stages/periods
How quickly a crop goes through a stage
TEMPERATURE IMPACTS RoD
Impacted by GENETICS and ENVIRONMENT |
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Term
| True or False - Temperature impacts enzyme activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| leaf time. The days between appearance of next leaves |
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Term
| What is Growing Degree Days? |
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Definition
Used to show the relationship between temperature and development
Problematic: inaccurate once dail minimum temperatures fall below base temperature. RoD can be overestimated if very high temperatures are used
= (Dail max temp + Daily min temp)/2 - Base temp |
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Term
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Definition
Crop Heat Units
suggests that temperature response of development differs between day and night (no physiological foundation for this)
CHU day = 3.33(tmax-10) - 0.084(Tmin-10)2
CHU night = 9/5x(Tmin-4.4)
CHU = CHU day + CHU night |
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Term
| What are short and long day plants? |
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Definition
Short day = need long night to flower
Long day = needs short night to flower
Nortern varieties need short nights to flower (they're long day plants)
Later maturity zones need shorter days |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of cold temperatures to induce flowering |
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Term
| T or F - reproductive structures are developing during vegetative growth |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you know if a variety of soybeans is determinant? |
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Definition
| See a cluster of flowers at the top. This stops meristem growth to terminate vegetative growth |
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Term
| What happens if you pull the bowls off of cotton? |
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Definition
| plant makes more meristem leaves because there is no signal to stop vegetative growth |
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