Term
| Paranasal sinus development begins when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ sinuses are usually the only ones developed enough to be demonstrated radiographically at birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By 6 to 7 years of age, the ______ and ______ sinuses are distinguishable from the _______. |
|
Definition
| frontal and sphenoid are distinguishable from the ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| The _______ sinuses do not fully develop until 17 to 18 years of age. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which paranasal sinus view is not a necessary view for children because the ethmoid sinus is not fully developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the possible functions of the paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
| - serves as a resonating chamber for the voice - decreases weight of the skull - aids in warming and moisturizing inhaled air - acts as shock absorbers in trauma - POSSIBLY controls the immune system |
|
|
Term
| Are any of the paranasal sinuses symmetrical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the largest sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most symmetric sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sinuses are roughly pyramidal in shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the second largest sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The frontal sinuses are located between the _______ plates of the frontal bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The frontal sinuses vary greatly in ____ and ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frontal sinuses are occasionally ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the ethmoid sinuses located? |
|
Definition
| within the lateral masses of the labyrinths of the ethmoid bone |
|
|
Term
| The ethmoid sinuses are comprised of a varying number of air cells, which are divided into three main groups: |
|
Definition
1. anterior
2. middle
3. posterior |
|
|
Term
| Where are the sphenoid sinuses located? |
|
Definition
| they are located below the sella turcica and extend between the posterior ethmoid and the dorsum sellae. |
|
|
Term
| What are the essential projection of the paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
- Lateral
- PA axial (Caldwell)
- Parietoacanthial (Waters)
- Parietoacanthial (Waters) open-mouth modification
- Submentovertical (SMV, Schuller) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CR located for a lateral sinuses projection? |
|
Definition
| 1/2 inch posterior to the outer canthus (perpendicular) |
|
|
Term
| Which sinus group is of primary importance to be shown in a lateral sinuses projection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Sinuses) What does the PA axial projection (Caldwell Method) demonstrate? |
|
Definition
- frontal sinuses above the frontonasal suture
- anterior ethmoid air cells
- sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below or between the ethmoids
- Petrous pyramids in lower third of orbits |
|
|
Term
| What view is the most commonly ordered for sinuses? |
|
Definition
| Parietoacanthial Projection (Waters Method) |
|
|
Term
| The Parietoacanthial Projection (Open-Mouth Waters Method) is taken to demonstrate which pair of sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Paranasal Sinuses) What does the SMV (Schuller Method) demonstrate? |
|
Definition
| - ethmoid sinuses - sphenoid sinuses - mandible - bony nasal septum |
|
|
Term
| Film critique for SMV (Schuller Method)? |
|
Definition
- anterior frontal bone superimposed by mental protuberance (indicates IOML is parallel - full extension)
- Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous pyramids |
|
|
Term
| What is the only essential projection/s of the nasal bones? |
|
Definition
| - one lateral (only one is essential, but sometimes is ordered bilateral) |
|
|
Term
| Which views are sometimes additionally ordered for the nasal bones, but are not essential views? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CR for a lateral nasal bones view: |
|
Definition
| - Perpendicular to the bridge of the nose - Enters a point 1/2 " distal to the nasion |
|
|
Term
| (True or False) Radiographically - the lacrimal bones are the two smallest bones in the skull. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The temporal process of the ______ extends posteriorly to join the zygomatic process of the ______ bone. |
|
Definition
temporal process - zygoma
zygomatic process - temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the essential projections of the zygomatic arches? |
|
Definition
- Submetovertical (SMV, Schuller)
- Tangential
- AP Axial (Modified Towne) |
|
|
Term
| What is the CR for the SMV Zygomatic Arches? |
|
Definition
- Perpendicular to IOML
- Enters MSP of throat at level 1" posterior to the outer canthi |
|
|
Term
| What is the part position for a tangential view of the zygomatic arches? |
|
Definition
- Hyperextend the neck and rest head on vertex
- IOML as parallel w/ IR plane as possible
- Rotate MSP of head 15 degrees toward the side being examined
- Tilt top of head 15 degrees away from side being examined
- Center zygomatic arch to IR |
|
|
Term
| The CR for a tangential view of the zygomatic arch: |
|
Definition
- Perpendicular to IOML
- Centered to zygomatic arch at a point 1" posterior to outer canthus |
|
|
Term
| What is the part position for an AP Axial (Modified Towne Method) for the zygomatic arches? |
|
Definition
- MSP perpendicular to midline of grid
- OML perpendicular to IR plane |
|
|
Term
| The CR for an AP Axial (Modified Towne Method) of the zygomatic arches: |
|
Definition
- CR angled 30 degrees caudad to enter the glabella (about 1" superior to the nasion)
- If IOML is used, angle 37 degrees caudad |
|
|
Term
| The long axis of each orbit is directed obliquely, posteriorly, and medially at an average angle of __ degrees to the MSP of the head and superiorly at an angle of about __ degrees from the OML. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anatomical structure is of primary concern when regarding the Rhese view? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures pass through the optic canal (foramen)? |
|
Definition
| optic nerve and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common reason for x-rays of the orbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only essential view of the orbit/s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are optional recommended views of the orbit/s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the part positioning for a Parietoorbital Oblique (Rhese Method)? |
|
Definition
- Center affected orbit to the center of the IR
- AML perpendicular to IR
- MSP of head makes 53 degree angle w/ IR |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3-point-landing? |
|
Definition
| - It is helpful in positioning for the Rhese method - The zygoma, nose, and chin touch the table or bucky |
|
|
Term
| The CR for a Rhese method: |
|
Definition
| - CR to enter approximately 1" superior and posterior to the TEA (perpendicular) |
|
|
Term
| What are the RECOMMENDED views for the orbits? |
|
Definition
- Waters
- Lateral
(Rhese is ESSENTIAL) |
|
|
Term
| What are some OPTIONAL views for the orbits? |
|
Definition
- Waters
- Lateral
- Orbitoparietal Oblique Hough Method
- PA Axial Projection
- PA Axial Projection Bertel Method |
|
|
Term
| Mnemonic to remember the bones of the orbit? |
|
Definition
My Son Eats Lemons From Zoo Pals:
Maxilla Sphenoid Ethmoid Lacrimal Frontal Zygoma Palatine |
|
|
