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| growth of cities that came to the US in the 19th century when settlers pushed westward to start new lives on the frontier and tens of thousands of others were drawn to the Northeast and midwest. |
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| attached single family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar houses, packing many single family residences into one block. |
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| long narrow five or six story buildings that were shaped like barbells. THe central part was indented on either side to allow for an air shaft. |
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| an early reform program that preached salvation through service to the poor. "applied Christianit" encouraged churches to be erected and workers to be treated more fairly. |
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| community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance and friendship to local ppl, esp immigrants. |
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| founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889. |
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| illigal use of political influence for personal gain done by George Plunkitt. |
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| organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city and offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support. org in pyramid. |
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| illegal payments for services which made many political machines and indibidual politicians very wealthy. |
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| the most powerful Democratic political machine. located in NYC> headed by William Tweed. |
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| group of corrupt politicians led by Boss Tweed that pocked as much as 200 mil in kickbacks and pay offs from city. |
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| cartoonist who angered Tweed by ridiculing him in political cartoons. It was recognition from these cartoons that Tweed was caught by the Spanish officials in Spain. |
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| represents age from 1870's to the 1890's. glitter of wealth concealed corruption and poverty. |
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| giving gov't jobs to ppl who had helped a candidate with an election. |
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| giving gov't jobs to most qualified person for the job, no matter their political views. |
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| owning all of the suppliers for your buisniness |
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| buying out all of your competitors. |
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| born in Richford NY, father traveling salesman. 1853 moved to Cleveland, went to bookkeeping school. Worked for a produce company before starting his own. In 1863 he switched to starting an oil refinery. |
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| 1870. started with 5 other partners in Cleveland, one of which was Flagler. ordered to dissove in 1892 |
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| Rockefeller's Tactics (2) |
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1. sold oil cheaper than it cost to produce
2. Intimidates his competition into merging or going bankrupt. |
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| Rockefeller gave away over 500 mil $ |
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| the philosophy that explained evolution of society- justified laissez faire, which said that the market place should not be regulated. |
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| 1890 made it illegal to form a trust that interferred with free trade btw states or with other countries. |
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| led Cigar Makers International Union to join with other craft unions in 1866. President of American Federation of Labor. |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| focused on collective bargaining or negotiation btw representatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages hours and working conditions. |
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| attempted to form an industrial union (Am. Railway Union) He felt that unions should include all laborers, skilled and unskilled. |
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| Industrial Workers of the Word |
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| Radical Unionists and socialists in CHicago (miners,lumberers, cannery, dock workers, AA) |
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| supported Great Strike of 1877 and later organized for the United Mine Workers of America. Most prominent organizer of woman's labor movement. |
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| born in Scotland, came to US at age of 12 or 13. Worked as a bobbin boy and for the railroads |
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| Carnegie steel company (1873) (4) |
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-1899 produced more steel than all of Great Britain.
- sold to JP morgan in 1901 for 480 mil
-gave away more than 350 mil
-started 2500 public libraries. |
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| Industry was growing rapidly because of: (5) |
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| natural resources, lots of labor, advancements in transportation, advancements in technology, governmental policies that favored big businesses. |
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| Impact of Rapid Industrialization (5) |
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1. the wealthiest 10% owned 90% of the wealth
2. the typical work week was 10 hr/day, 6 day/week
3. white-collared workers were need
4. women became secretaries, typists, tele operators and textile workers
5. growth of labor unions |
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| national labor union 1866 (3) |
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1. both skilled and unskilled agricultural and industrial
2. 640,000 members
3. goals: higher wages 8 hour day, equal rights for women and blacks, monetary reform and worker cooperatives |
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| colored national labor union |
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| created bc the NLU wouldn't admit back workers |
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| Knights. a of Labor -1869- |
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1. all workers, including AA
2. 730,000 members
3 a.worker cooperatives "each man his own emplyer"
b. abolition of child labor
c. abolition of labor. |
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| violent riot in Chicago of 1886 that turned public opinion against the union. |
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| American Federation of Labor -1886- |
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1. skilled workers
2. 1 million
3. economic goals- higher wages and improved working conditions |
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| workers used many tactics to achieve their goals |
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| *strikes*picket lines*work-slow-downs*boycotts* |
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1. lock outs
2. yellow dog contract
3. hiring private guards
4. Court injunctions ordering workers to end their strike and return to work |
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| reasons why strikes did not succeed (3) |
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1. Union membership wasn't open to all workers
2. public opinion turned against strikes and strikers
3. Unions were linked to socialism. |
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originally called oyster island
purchased Samuel Ellis
US govt buys it from Ellis post Rev War
Originally 3.3 acres, then enlarged to 27.5 acres |
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processed 12 mill immigrants
only 2% denied
experienced a six second physical
answered questions from interpreters
spend 3-5 hours on the island . |
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| Where was Angel Island? when did it operate? |
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| San Fransisco Bay 1910 to 1940 |
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| What percentage of immigrants were rejected from angel island? |
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| 1882. No one could immigrate from China unless they were teachers, diplomats, merchants or related to someone in the US |
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| 1885 No person or company could contract immigrants for work in teh US |
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| 1921 only 3% of a nationality group based on the 1910 census could enter the US |
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| 1924 Only 2% of a nationality group based on the 1890 census could enter the US anually |
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| 1924 Prohibited Asian Immigration unless that had something we wanted or they had relations |
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| chairmaker, book keeper, volunteer fireman and state senator |
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| Boss Tweed was brought down by who and spent how long in jail? |
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| book keeper named O Rouke. one year before escaping. |
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| thomas nast immigrated from? and drew cartoons for ? |
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| germany, Harper's Weekly and the New York Times |
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