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1. According to classics study by Rosenhan, mental health workers are remarkably accurate in
distinguishing between persons with schizophrenia and persons without schizophrenia. |
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| 2. Men and women are equally likely to suffer depression |
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3. The names and definitions of psychological disorders have changed little since they were first
introduced by Freud and others. |
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| 4. Most experts agree that schizophrenia is not passed down genetically, but rather occurs as a result of early stressful experiences such as child abuse. |
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| 5. Charles Darwin believed that emotions have survival value. |
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6. Paul Ekman’s research demonstrated that most facial expressions are culturally determined, and that
it is usually impossible for persons from different cultures to read each others emotions from facial
expressions. |
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| 7. Women are more accurate than men at identifying a person’s emotion based on facial expression. |
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| 8. Aerobic exercise improves mood |
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9. Who’s theory of emotion suggests that “we feel sorry because we cry . . . afraid because we tremble”?
A. Richard Lazarus
B. Walter Cannon
C. William James
D. Stanley Schachter |
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10. According to the facial feedback effect, forcing a smile should cheer a person up. This is predicted by
___ theory.
A. Freudian
B. the James-Lange
C. the Cannon-Bard
D. the Rimsky-Korsakoff |
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11. The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously sent to the cerebral cortex and
autonomic nervous system is central to the
A. Cannon-Bard theory.
B. relative deprivation principle.
C. Schachter and Singer two-factor theory.
D. James-Lange theory |
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12. As her professor distributed the mathematics test to the class, Blair's heart started to pound and her
palms began to sweat. These physiological reactions were activated by her ___ nervous system.
A. central
B. somatic
C. parasympathetic
D. sympathetic |
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13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages for Hans Selye’s general adaptation
syndrome?
A. exhaustion, alarm, resistance
B. alarm, exhaustion, resistance
C. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
D. resistance, exhaustion, alarm |
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14. The existence of the so-called “Type A personality” suggests that
A. women cannot have Type A personalities.
B. there are individual differences in reaction to stress.
C. the ill-effects of stress are exaggerated.
D. reaction to stress depends mainly on situational factors. |
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15. Freud believed that personality differences come from
A. reinforced behaviors.
B. genes.
C. failure and frustration in early childhood.
D. development of a firm self-concept in adolescence. |
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16. In a study by Schachter described in the text, subjects received an injection of adrenaline. One group
the subjects were told that they had received a stimulant (adrenaline), but the other group was told
that they should not expect to feel any effects of the injection. Then, members of both groups were
introduced to “another participant in the experiment” who was actually a phony subject, a confederate
of the researchers. The phony subject behaved in a giddy manner. Which group tended to adopt the
giddy behavior?
A. the group that was told that they had been injected with a stimulant
B. the group that was told that they had been injected with a substance with no detectible effects
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B |
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17. Ralph was upset by the grade on his biology quiz, and went out and got drunk; Von was also upset by
his grade on the biology quiz, and so called up Albertson to make an appointment to study together
for the next quiz. Ralph demonstrated ___; Von demonstrated ___.
A. catharsis; regression
B. constructive reduction; reductive construction
C. emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping
D. problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping |
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18. Trait theories of personality are based on
A. observed differences in animal behavior.
B. common words that describe differences between individuals
C. learning theories of reinforcement and imitation
D. cognitive theories of problem-solving |
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19. Trait theories are criticized mainly because
A. they propose too many different traits to be useful.
B. there are not enough traits to account for all the individual differences among human
personalities.
C. trait theories make no attempt to discover where an individual’s traits come from.
D. the existence of traits has never been verified. |
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20. Which one of these is one of the Big Five (the Five Factor theory of personality)?
A. Organism
B. Conservatism
C. Extraversion
D. Agnosticism
E. Nihilism |
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21. What is the name of the test of personality based on Carl Jung’s theory of personality in which the
test takers categorize themselves as being either Extroverted or Introverted, Sensing or Intuition,
Thinking or Feeling, and Judging or Perceiving, yielding personality types such as ESTJ and INFP,
and which is sometimes used to suggest types of work the test taker might like?
A. Rorschach
B. Minnesota Mutiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
C. Stanford-Binet
D. Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) |
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22. According to the Social-Cognitive perspective on personality, individual differences come mainly
from
A. heredity.
B. random factors that are different for each individual and situation
C. the history of an individual’s interactions with the environment.
D. mutations. |
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23. People who attribute their failures to bad luck probably have an ___ locus of control
A. internal
B. ambivalent
C. uninvolved
D. external |
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24. Bipolar disorder has also been called
A. catatonic schizophrenia.
B. manic-depressive disorder.
C. clinical depression.
D. dissociative identity disorder. |
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25. Obsessive-compulsive disorder falls in the class of ___ disorders.
A. dissociative
B. somatoform
C. anxiety
D. mood |
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26. An obsession is
A. an obstacle.
B. a repeating behavior that is difficult to stop
C. an infection.
D. a recurring and intrusive thought. |
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27. A compulsion is
A. an infection.
B. a recurring and intrusive thought.
C. an obstacle.
D. a repeating behavior that is difficult to stop |
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28. Depression is classified as a/an ___disorder
A. anxiety
B. mood
C. somatoform
D. bipolar |
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29. Which of the following is not a symptom of depression?
A. lack of ability to experience pleasure
B. unjustified guilt feelings
C. low self-esteem
D. loud, rapid emphatic speech |
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30. Helen displays a number of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following is NOT one
of these symptoms?
A. believes that she hears voices
B. believes that the FBI is tapping her phone
C. is absorbed in fantasy, with primitive and incomplete thoughts
D. holds awkward poses without moving for minutes or hours |
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31. Fred displays a number of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following is NOT one
of these symptoms?
A. flat affect
B. behaves in an aggressive and threatening manner towards hospital staff
C. does not speak
D. ignores hospital staff and other patients |
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32. The brains of schizophrenics
A. are larger than non-schizophrenics, particularly the temporal lobes.
B. appear to have lost gray matter and have large ventricles.
C. are indistinguishable from those of non-schizophrenics.
D. are larger on the right side than on the left. |
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33. Marilyn has mood swings. Much of the time she is unhappy and suffers from low self-esteem, but
occasionally she has energetic periods in which she makes grandiose plans. She sometimes gets into
dangerous situations out of boredom or carelessness. She is likely suffering from
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder
B. antisocial personality
C. bipolar disorder
D. depression |
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34. Bill was badly frightened when an improvised explosive device exploded near his jeep in Iraq. Since
returning to the States, he has had nightmares, overreacts to loud noises, and experiences terror
whenever he thinks about the incident. He is most likely suffering from
A. undifferentiated schizophrenia.
B. bipolar disorder.
C. agoraphobia
D. posttraumatic stress disorder |
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35. In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers were admitted as patients into various mental
hospitals after they falsely claimed to be “hearing voices.” They were eventually released with the
permanent stigma of “schizophrenia in remission.” This study illustrates danger of
A. psychoanalytic theory.
B. researchers.
C. psychoactive drugs
D. diagnostic labels. |
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36. Richard has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. His principal symptom is likely to be
A. feelings of remorse.
B. fear of the marketplace.
C. lack of guilt despite his life of crime.
D. extreme shyness. |
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F1. _______________________the belief the belief that results from a history of failures that no action
on one’s own behalf will lead to success (L) |
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| F2. _______________________individual differences in thinking, feeling and behaving (P) |
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F3. _______________________the book used by most mental health practitioners to label and define
psychological disorders (D) |
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F4. _______________________a dissociative disorder in which an individual alternates among several
personalities that may or may not be aware of each other (D or M) |
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| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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| F5. _______________________a fear of open spaces--literally, “fear of the marketplace” (A) |
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| F6. _______________________specific fears, such as of heights, spiders, snakes, flying, etc. (P) |
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F7. _______________________the study of how psychological, neural and endocrine processes affect
the immune system and subsequent health--Exact spelling, not the
abbreviation (P) |
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F8. _______________________in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing
anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality (D) |
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F9. _______________________according to Freud, the type of meaning conveyed by dream symbols
(L) |
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| F10. _______________________a symptom of schizophrenia in which one holds false beliefs (D) |
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