Term
|
Definition
Dehydration impairs performance
Hydration status=water in vs. water lost
People 50-60% water
Lean body tissue about 75% water
Adipose Tissue about 5% water
For a healthy lean 70 kg person, male=60%, female=50% |
|
|
Term
| Hyperthermia, How to prevent |
|
Definition
Excessive rise in body temp, >98.6
Sweating, water (electrolytes) lost through sweat.
Need to understand how its lost to understand how to put it back in |
|
|
Term
| Heat Production During Exercise |
|
Definition
Oxygen consumed heat is produced and only x is used to perform work
Every L, 4kcal heat and 1 kcal used for work
Muscle worked increases in heat, must go somewhere is contractile proteins and enzymes would be inactivated within 10 minutes
Heat transferred to the body core
Thermoreceptors produce response
Increase blood flow to the skin to start sweating |
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Term
| Heat Storage during Exercise |
|
Definition
Heat production directly proportional to exercise intensity
Extremely strenuous exercise, even in cool environment, can cause substantial rise in temp
Absolute temp at the end of exercise depends on the starting temp
Warm-ups causes a rise in body temp and results in higher final body temp
Skip warm up in hot environment? |
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Term
| Environmental Heat Stress and Heat Loss by Sweat |
|
Definition
Determined by ambient temp, relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation (sun and reflection from the ground)
Skin hotter than surroundings, heat is lost
High humidity compromises evaporation of sweat
Dehydration of the loss of 2% body mass is sufficient to significantly impair performance |
|
|
Term
| Heat Loss by Radiation and Convection |
|
Definition
Increased blood flow through the skin capillaries
Effectiveness depends on-Amount of body surface available for heat exchange, inappropriate clothing, equipment of sport, temp gradient between body and atmosphere |
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Term
|
Definition
Thermoreceptors both deep and peripheral-Input from deep more important
"thermostat" located in hypothalamus
Nonthermal sensory inputs capable of changing body temp-BP, osmolarity, NA/Ca ratio, hormones, cytokines
Either sweating or vasodilation occurs |
|
|
Term
| Modifying Inputs to hypothalamus |
|
Definition
Blood Pressure
Osmolarity
Na/Ca Ratio
Hormones
Cytokines |
|
|
Term
| Training, acclimatization, and temperature regulation |
|
Definition
Training improves temperature regulation
Need to exercise at high intensity to promote sweating and increased skin blood flow-70-100% VO2 max, increase temp above 102.2
Acclimation achieved by exercise not resting
Heavy sweaters have larger sweat glands, training appears to induce hypertrophy of existing sweat glands |
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Term
| Aerobic training increases ability to maintain constant body temp during exercise by.. |
|
Definition
Increase in blood volume
Increase in capacity for skin blood flow
Increase in sweat gland size
Earlier onset of sweating (lower set-point core temp)
Increase in sweat rate |
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|
Term
| Effect of Dehydration on Exercise Performance |
|
Definition
Fatigue at the end of prolonged exercise might be from dehydration as much as fuel depletion
Performance impaired 2%, losses greater than 5% can decrease work about 30%
Main reasions dehydration has an adverse effect on performance: Reduction in blood volume, decrease heat dissipation, decreased skin blood flow, sweat rate, Increased core temp, rate of muscle glycogen use |
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|
Term
| Mechanisms of Heat Illness |
|
Definition
Less well-trained athletes have less effective thermoregulation, work less economically, use more CHO for work, take longer to recover
Among U.S. High school athletes, heat illness is the 3rd leading cause of death
Risk factors for heat illness includes-dehydration, hot/humid climate, obesity, low fitness level, lack of acclimatization, sleep deprivation, medications
Monitoring hydration status and prompting appropriate drinking may be most important factor in preventing heat illness |
|
|
Term
| Effects of fluid intake on exercise performance |
|
Definition
Drinking during exercise helps restore plasma volume to near preexercise levels
Prevents adverse effects of dehydration on muscle strength, endurance, coordination
Hyprehydration, increased body water content above normal, has been suggested to be effective in enhancing performance, but only a few studies have directly looked at this |
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|
Term
| Preexercise Hyperhydration |
|
Definition
Reduces thermal and cardiovascular strain
Greater fluid retention is achieved with glycerol being added to fluid |
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Term
| Fluid Intake During Exercise |
|
Definition
Dehydration can only be avoided by matching in vs out, this is easier said than done:
Sweat rates of 2-3L/hr, drinking 1 L uncomfortable, sweat rates are varied
Thirst is not a good indicator, not perceived until at least 2% loss
"real world" limit opportunities during competition
Regular water intake, CHO content |
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|
Term
| Electrolytes added to sports drinks for.. |
|
Definition
Increase palatability
TO maintain thirst, promote drinking
To prevent hypoatremia, low serum Na
To increase the rate of water uptake
To increase retention of fluid
>30 minutes, hot/humid conditions more about replacing electrolytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Water loss heavily influenced by humidity of ambient air
Osmolarity of blood plasma is maintained around 290 mOsmol/L, alters kidney function from water conservation to excretion
Balance is coupled to the intake of water and Na |
|
|
Term
| Biggest fluid loss and gain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid Requirements for Athletes |
|
Definition
Athletes must be fully hydrated before they train or compete
Performance an training quality will suffer if an athlete becomes dehydrated in either environment |
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|
Term
| Adequate Hydration before exercise |
|
Definition
Higher intake a few days prior to competition
Pale urine color, some B's add a yellowish hue
Urine osmolarity->900 mOsmol/kg dehydrated, 100-300 mOsmol/kg well hydrated
Measuring body weight after waking and voiding
Requirements change based on temp, work |
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|
Term
| Adequate Hydration During Exercise |
|
Definition
Cant rely on thirst, goal is to maintain body weight
Athletes should consume fluids at regular intervals
For most people, 30-60 minutes in moderate temperature, cool water is sufficient |
|
|
Term
| Sports Drinks During Exercise |
|
Definition
Depends on exercise, depends on goal
Rehydration is the main goal- 20-60g/L CHO, 20-60 mmol/L Na, <290 mOsmol/L
Substrate uptake more important-100-150 g/L CHO, osmolarity should be minimized
Ideal sport drink for an athlete: tastes good, no GI issues, promotes rapid gastric empyting and fluid absorption, provides some energy |
|
|
Term
| Rehydration after Exercise |
|
Definition
Reduced inracellular volume: reduces rate of glycogen/protein synthesis, high cell volume speeds up
Factors influencing are volume and composition
Na with water, extracellular, K for intra?
Glucose Uptake into muscle promotes intracellular rehydration |
|
|
Term
| Fluid Consumption after exercise |
|
Definition
1.5 L of fluid for every kg lost during exercise
Caffeine and alcohol discouraged because of diuretic actions |
|
|
Term
| Selected Recommendations on Exercise and Fluid Replacement |
|
Definition
6-8ml per kilogram body weight 2 hours before exercise, beverages with Na or with salted snacks
Drink often and regular to prevent less than 2% body weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins, Minerals and Trace Elements |
|
Definition
Vitamins-organic compounds
Minerals, trace elements=inorganic
Known as micronutrients
All 13 vitamins have important functions in the body, Must be obtained through diet except for D and K |
|
|
Term
| Macromineral vs Micromineral |
|
Definition
macro >100 mg/day
micro <100 mg/day |
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|
Term
| Function of Vitamin/Minerals |
|
Definition
They serve as regulators and links in the processes of energy release from food
They are important cofactors in various chemical reactions and as such are important in maintaining homeostasis
Marginal deficiencies may crucially affect athletic performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maintains epithelial tissues in skin, mucous membranes, and visual pigments of eye, promotes bone development and immune function
Deficiency- Night blindness, infections, impaired growth and wound healing
Excess- Nausea, headache, fatigue, liver damage, joint pains, peeling skin, and abnormal fetal development in pregnancy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Increases calcium absorption in gut and promotes bone formation
Deficiency- Weak bones
Excess- Nausea, loss of appetite, irritability, joint pain, calcification of soft tissues |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Defends against free radicals, protects cell membranes
Deficiency-Hemolysis and anemia
Excess- Headache, fatigue, and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms blood clotting factors
Deficiency- Bleeding and hemorrhage
Excess- Thrombosis and vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, fish, dairy, eggs, margarine, carrots, dark green veggies, tomatoes, oranges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, fish, dairy, eggs, margarine, carrots, dark green veggies, tomatoes, oranges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, fish, eggs, fortified dairy, oils, sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, fish, eggs, fortified dairy, oils, sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, eggs, whole grain cereal, veggie oils, seed oils, marg and butter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver, eggs, green leafy veggies, cheese, butter, formed in large intestine by bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme with thiamine pyrophosphate, promotes CHO metabolism and central nervous system function
Deficiency- Loss of appetite, apathy, depression, pain in calf muscle
No toxic effects of excess |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzymes with FAD and FMN, promotes CHO and Fat oxidation, maintains healthy skin
Deficiency- Dermatitis, lip and tongue sores, and damage to cornea of eyes
No toxic effects of excess |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme with NAD and NADP, promotes anaerobic glycolysis, CHO and fat oxidation, and fat synthesis, maintains healthy skin
Deficiency- Weakness, loss of appetite, skin lesions, gut and skin problems, pellegra
Excess- Headache, nausea, skin irritation, liver damage, and inhibition of lipolysis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme with pyridoxal phosphate, promotes protein metabolism, formation of hemoglobin and RBC, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis
Deficiency- Irritability, convulsions, anemia, dermatitis, and tongue sores
Excess- Loss of nerve sensations and abnormal gait |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme for DNA and RNA, promotes formation of white and red blood cells, maintains gut
Deficiency- Pernicious anemia, fatigue, nerve damage, paralysis, and infections
No toxic effects of excess |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme for DNA and RNA, promotes formation of hemoglobin and red and white blood cells
Deficiency- Anemia, fatigue, diarrhea, gut disorders, and infections
No toxic effects of excess |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme for CO2 transfer, promotes CHO, Fat, and Protein metabolism
Deficiency- Nausea, fatigue, and skin rashes
No toxic effects of Excess |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme A for energy metabolism promotes CHO and fat oxidation and fat synthesis
Deficiency- Nausea, fatigue, depression, and loss of appetite
No toxic effects of excess |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
|
Definition
Antioxidant promotes collagen formation, development of connective tissue, catecholamine and steroid synthesis, and iron absorption
Deficiency- Weakness, slow wound healing, infections, bleeding gums, anemia, scurvy
Excess- No toxic effects in small doses |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| whole grain cereal products, fortified bread, potatoes, legumes, nuts, pork, ham, and liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dairy products, meat, liver, eggs, green leafy vegetables, and beans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meat, liver, poultry, fish, whole grain cereal products, lentils, and nuts, formed in body, from essential AA tryptophan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meat, liver, poultry, fish, whole grain cereal, potatoes, legumes, green leafy veg, dairy, bananas, and nuts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meat, fish, shellfish, poultry, liver, eggs, dairy products, and fortified breakfast cereals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meat, liver, green leafy veg, whole grain cereal, potatoes, legumes, nuts and fruit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meat, liver, green leafy veg, whole grain cereal, potatoes, legumes, nuts and fruit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meat, milk, egg yolk, whole grain cereal products, legumes, and most vegetables |
|
|
Term
| Sources of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
|
Definition
| Citrus fruits, green leafy veg, broccoli, potatoes, peppers, and strawberries |
|
|
Term
| Recommended intakes of vitamins |
|
Definition
Often didnt include athletes or take into account activity levels
Metabolic, environmental, genetic factors, age, gender, body mass can alter an individuals nutrient requirement
Physical activity may increase requirement for-C, B2, B6, A, E |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constitutes at least .01% of total body mass
Potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur |
|
|
Term
| Microminerals (trace elements) |
|
Definition
Less than .01% of total body mass, need <100mg a day
Iron, zinc, copper, chromium, selenium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction, membrane potentials, and nerve impulse transmission, regulates enzyme activity
Deficiency-Osteoporosis, brittle bones, impaired muscle contraction, muscle cramps
Excess- Impaired trace metal absorption, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, kidney stones, and cacification of soft tissue |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes nerve impulse conduction and hydrochloric acid formation in the stomach
Deficiency- Convulsions
Excess-Hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes protein synthesis and metalloenzyme, ATPases, and 2,3 DPG formation, bone component
Deficiency- Muscle weakness, fatigue, apathy, muscle tremor, and cramps
Excess- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes membrane potential nerve impulse generation, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance
Deficiency- Hypokalemia, muscle cramps, apathy, loss of appetite, and irregular heartbeat
Excess-Hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac failure |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes bone formation, buffer in muscle contraction, component of ATP, PCr, NADP, DNA, RNA, and cell membranes
Deficiency- Hyponatremia, dizziness, coma, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and seizures
Excess- Hypertension and nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acid-base balance, liver function
Deficiency- Unknown and extremely unlikely to occur
Excess- Unknown |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Dairy, egg yolk, beans and peas, dark green veg, and cauliflower
RDA 1000mg, 30-40% absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meat, fish, bread, canned foods, table salt, beans, and milk
RDA-2300mg, 90-99% absorbed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Seafood, nuts, green leafy veg, fruits, whole grain products, milk, and yogurt
RDA-420(M), 320(F), 90-99% absorbed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Meat, fish, milk, yourt, fruit, veg, and bread
RDA-4700mg, 90-99% absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meat, eggs, fish, milk, cheese, beans, peas, whole grain products, soft drinks
RDA-700mg, 80-90% absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meat, eggs, fish, milk, cheese, beans, peas, whole grain products, soft drinks
RDA-700mg, 80-90% absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
meat, fish, bread, canned foods, salt, sauces, pickles
RDA-1500mg, 90-99% absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Augments insulin action
Deficiency- Glucose intolerance and impaired lipid metabolism
Excess Rare toxic effects
Sources-liver, kidney, meat, oysters, cheese, whole grain products, beer, asparagus, mushrooms, nuts |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms component of vitamin B12, needed for rbc development
Deficiency-Pernicious anemia
Excess- Nausea, vomit, death
Sources- Meat, liver, milk |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes normal iron absorption, oxidative metabolism, connective tissue formation, and hemoglobin synthesis, forms cofactor with superoxide dismutase
Deficiency-Anemia, impaired immune function, bone demineralization
Excess- Nausea and vomiting
Sources-Liver, kidney, shellfish, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, bran cereals, nuts, legumes, broccoli, banana, avocado, chocolate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Promotes bone and teeth formation
Deficiency- Dental caries
Excess- Discolored teeth, inhibited glycolysis in high doses
Sources- milk, egg yolk, seafood, and drinking water |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms component of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Deficiency- Goiter and reduced metabolic rate
Excess- Depressed thyroid gland activity
Source-Iodized salt, seafood, and vegetables |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Transports oxygen as hemoglobin and myoglobin, forms cytochromes and metalloenzymes, promotes immune function
Deficiency-Anemia, fatigue, and increased infections
Excess-Hemochromatosis, liver cirrhosis, heart disease, and increased infections
Sources- Liver, kidney, eggs, red meats, seafood, oysters, bread, flour, molasses, dried legumes, nuts, leafy green beg, broccoli, figs, raisins, and cocoa |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms cofactor with energy metabolism enzymes, promotes bone formation and fat synthesis
Deficiency-Poor growth
Excess- Weakness and confusion
Sources-Whole grains, peas and beans, leafy veg, bananas |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms cofactor with riboflavin in CHO and fat metabolism enzymes
Deficiency- No effect
Excess-Rare toxic effects
Source- Liver, kidney, whole grain products, beans and peas |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms cofactor with glutathione peroxidase
Deficiency- Cardiomyopathy, cancer, heart disease, impaired immune function, erythrocyte fragility
Excess- Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and hair loss
Sources-Meat, liver, kidney, poultry, fish, dairy, seafood, whole grains |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Forms metalloenzymes, promotes protein synthesis, immune function, tissue repair, energy metabolism, antioxidant activity
Deficiency- Impaired growth, impaired healing, increase infections, and anorexia
Excess- Impaired absorption of Fe and Cu, Increased HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol ratio, anemia, nausea, vomiting, and impaired immunity
Sources- Oysters, shellfish, beef, liver, poultry, dairy, whole grains, veg, asparagus, and spinach |
|
|
Term
| Recommended intakes of minerals |
|
Definition
| In addition to the 14 trace elements deemed essential, arsenic, nickel, silicon, tin, and vanadium may also be essential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form building blocks of tissues
Function as antioxidants
Perform or are associated with variety of functions essential to the maintenance of life and health
oxygen transport
enzyme catalyzed reactions
immunity
electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| Micronutrients form building blocks of tissues |
|
Definition
Not vitamins, but several minerals are in bones and teeth
Ca, Phosphorus, Flourine
Vit D required for normal absorption of Ca
Vit C required for normal production of collagen, important for maintenance of cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High Blood Ca-Bone formation
Low Blood Ca- Bone demineralization |
|
|
Term
| Micronutrients as antioxidants |
|
Definition
Antioxidants prevent or limit the actions of free radicals usually by removing their unpaired electron, converting into a less reactive molecule
Vitamin C,E Beta-carotene, and glutathione important antioxidant in plants, animals, and fungi |
|
|
Term
| Antioxidant Protection against exercise induced skeletal muscle damage |
|
Definition
Muscle damage results in muscle pain, soreness, stiffness, reduced ROM, higher than normal lactate conc and perceived exertion during exercise, loss of strength and reduced power that can last 5-10 days
Elevated muscle proteins, myoglobin, CK or lactat dehydrogenase which causes an initial activiation of the immune system
WBC begin breakdown of damaged fibers to begin repair..production of free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS), an underlying cause of disrupted muscle homeostasis, soreness, elevated CK activity, and ixidative damage to DNA and proteins, including enzymes
Additional Sources of ROS are- UV light, alcohol, cigarette smoke, high fat diets, respiratory burst of WBC
Primary ROS generated by skeletal muscle
Nitric Oxide and superoxide
Skeletal muscle has multiple potential sites for generation of ROS
Old view=ROS end product of metabolism and only has a negative effect on muscle function
New view= ROS generated in a controlled manner by muscle fibers in response to physiological stimulus and play an important role in physiological adaptations |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Antioxidants decrease the adverse effects of ROS
Prevent oxidation initiated by ROS by:
Preventing ROS formation
Converting ROS to less reactive molecules
Binding metal ion catalysts to prevent initiaition of free radical reactions
Reacting with chain radicals to prevent continues hydrogen abstraction
provide favorable environment for effective functioning of other antioxidants, acting to regenerate nonenzymatic antioxidants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Co factor of glutathione reductase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Co factor of glutathione reductase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inactivating precursor of ROS production, copper and manganese are required as cofactors of SOD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iron essential for oxidative metabolism
Component of
Hemoglobin, protein in RBC, transports O
Myoglobin, Respiratory pigment found in muscle fibers
Cytochromes, components of etc
Fe deficiency most widespread deficiency in the world
Associated with increased morbidity from infectious disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serum ferritin used to indicate the status of the bodys Fe stores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Need a regular supply of Fe to maintain balance and avoid anemia |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins as coenzymes in energy metabolism |
|
Definition
CHO metabolism
Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Pantothenic acid
Fat metabolism
Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid
Protein metabolism
Pyridoxine, biotin |
|
|
Term
| Immune function and resistance to infection |
|
Definition
Heavy exercise and nutrition are influential on immune function, greater with heavy stress and poor nutrition
Poor nutrition, precursor to immunodepression
Vit B12, folic acid=production WBC
Vit A,C,E,= needed for normal function of said
Zinc, iron, copper, selenium essential for optimal immune function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Of them, Na, K, Cl found in highest concentration
Na, Cl found extracellular
K found intracellular
Think Na-K pump |
|
|
Term
| Assesing Micronutrient Status |
|
Definition
Estimated directly from biopsy samples, from blood cells or plasma
Estimated indirectly from analysis of diet |
|
|
Term
| Dietary surveys of vitamin intakes in elite athletes |
|
Definition
Ideally should obtain all nutrients from food
Well balanced diet of 5 food groups should provide adeuate amounts of 13 vitamins
Dont always eat well balanced diets
Athletes at risk for deficiencies because of fatigue and time-consuming demands of training
Increased vitamin turnover
Additional loss of some nutrients
Poor food selection
Limited time for food prep |
|
|
Term
| Dietary surveys of minerals |
|
Definition
Assessment is tricky, and has limitations
Suggestions are iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium may be of concern for young athletes and female athletes of all ages |
|
|
Term
| Exercise and micronutrient Requirements |
|
Definition
Inadequate status is associated with impaired performance
Theoretically exercise can induce a marginal vitamin deficiency
Decreased absorption
Increased excretion
Increased Degradation
Increased requirement due to training adaptations |
|
|
Term
| Ergogenic Effects of Supplementation |
|
Definition
Recent double blind placebo controlled studies shows excess vitamin intake doesnt improve performance
Excessive intake of A,D,E,K for prolonged periods can be harmful |
|
|
Term
| Recommendations for Athletes |
|
Definition
In general, supplementation with individual vitamins is not recommended
Consuming megadoses of individual vitamins can do more harm than good
Not necessary if consume a well balanced diet
Multivitamin ensures adequate intake even with intensive training and CHO loading before competition |
|
|
Term
| Recommendations for Athletes at Risk |
|
Definition
Low energy intake athletes, suggest for Ca:
3 servings per day of low fat dairy foods
Include high CHO meals (milk on cereal)
Eat fish with bones
Include calcium enriched soy products
Eat leafy green veg
Low energy intake athletes, suggest for Fe
Eat rich in heme iron at least 4 times a week
Eat iron fortified foods
Include nonheme iron food sources
Combine nonheme iron foods with meat or foods rich in vit c to increase iron absorption
Avoid drinking tea at meals
Hot environment athletes
Iron, zinc, magnesium shouldnt exceed 1-2 times the RDA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Supplemens are a billion dollar industry
Nutritional Supplements after genetics and training is looked at by athletes to improve x
Ergogenic aids= substance that improve exercise performance and are used in attempts to increase athletic or physical performance capacity |
|
|
Term
| Why do athletes use supplements? |
|
Definition
Want to make a team/playing time
Want a full ride
Want to get to the show
Need that contract, cash in when i can |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not regulated by the FDA
Submitted info to FDA is for notification rather than authorization
Claims not backed up by science, studies in non-peer-reviewed journals, results inappropriately extrapolated, biased funding
Are the ingredients on the label actually in the bottle |
|
|
Term
| Capati v. Crunch fitness case |
|
Definition
| Personal trainer recommended that she take variety of supplements including ephedra, working out she got ill and ended up dying. |
|
|
Term
| What is banned NCAA substances |
|
Definition
Stimulants: Caffeine
Anabolic Agents: Androstenedione, DHEA, norandrostenedione, testosterone
Diuretics(water pills) and other masking agents
Street Drugs: heroin, mary j, THC
Peptide hormones, growth hormone, erythroprotein |
|
|
Term
| NCAA permissable vs non permissable |
|
Definition
permissible-vitamins and minerals, energy bars, calorie replacement drinks, electrolyte replacement drinks
Nonpermissible-amino acids, condroitin, creatine, ginseng, glucosamine, glycerol, HMB, I-carnitine, Protein |
|
|
Term
| NSCA Stance on supplements |
|
Definition
| Strength and Conditioning Professionals must not prescribe, recommend or provide drugs, controlled substances or supplements that are illegal, prohibited, or harmful to participants for any purpose including enhancing athletic performance, conditioning or physique.... potential lose of credentials or job |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supplement info that is unbiased and independent not selling any substances. focuses on scientific evidence when it comes to nutrition and supplements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Steroids and or precursor compounds found in dietary supplements! Of 634 supplements tested, nearly 15% had enough to cause a positive test
In the US, of 240 supplements tested roughly 20% of them contained prohormones, a substance that can be converted to anabolic steroids
Reputable brands, companies that dont sell steroids or precursors, previously sold ephedra products? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Know what is illegal
Know what you can/cnt talk about within your certification
If someone asks a question, brush up on research, review studies, find non biased reviews
Ask what is popular
Try to sort out hydration and diet first
Positives worth the risk of contamination?
Do you really know what you are taking? |
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