Term
| Nervous system characteristics and nutrient needs |
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Definition
| -Regulatory System -Central Nervous System-brain and spinal cord -Peripheral Nervous System- Branches out to organs -Basic unit is a [neuron] responds to electrical and chemical signals -Sending Signals Change in sodium and potassium concentration -Neurotransmitter- secretion of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine -depended on nutrient supply |
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Term
| Endocrine system characteristics and nutrient needs |
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Definition
| [endocrine System; endocrine glands, such as pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands; participates in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, and many other functions through the action of hormones] |
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Term
| Immune system characteristics and nutrient needs |
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Definition
white blood cells, lymph vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and other lymph tissues; provides defense against foreign invaders, formation of white blood cells(skin, intestinal cells)
Skin=phase 1, attacks microorganism=phase 2, engulfing=phase 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains immune cells, white blood cells. Also absorbs water and fat. |
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Term
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Definition
Heart; blood vessels, and blood. Transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones.
Portal circulation - large vein in body |
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Term
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Definition
Mouth-breaks down sugar, amylase. Mechanical
-epiglottis-
Esophagus-peristalsis, squeezing motion
-esophageal sphincter- heartburn
Stomach-three types of muscle outlined with mucus for protection. Breaks down proteins using pepsin.
-pyloric sphincter-
Liver-collects all the nutrients
Gallbladder - stores bile and fat
Pancreas - balances blood sugar
Small intestine - lipids, lipasis breaks down lipids
Large intestines - 5% of nutrients are absorbed in here. Bacteria sleeps here |
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Term
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Definition
Kidneys-produce urine, filtration
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Waste products |
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Term
| Body storage capabilities |
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Definition
Adipose tissue-storing of fat, full of energy
Glucose- store in the liver and muscle
Amino acids-
Vitamins and minerals - fat and water soluble
Calcium in bones-nuerotransmission, immune system, blood clots |
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Term
| Nutritional diseases with genetic link |
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Definition
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
Cancer
Osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Lining of stomach is thin and acid burns holes in your stomach, take antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Sphincter is weak and allows some acid to move up esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Infrequent and difficult bowels |
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Term
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Definition
| The veins in large intestine, rectum, anus swell up |
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Term
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Definition
| Peristalsis occurs backwards |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carb made of multiple units of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Producing energy through light |
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Term
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Definition
| One glucose molecule, fructose, and galactose |
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Term
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Definition
Two glucose molecules, such as sucrose=glucose and fructose
Lactose=glucose and galactose
Maltose=glucose and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Polysaccharides - starch and glycogen.
Amylose-straight, veggies
Amylopeptin-branching, potato
Dietary fiber- branches in circular motion, humans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sucrose (table sugar) Fructose (fruit sugar) high-fructose corn syrup |
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Term
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Definition
| Sorbitol and xylitol, used in gum amd diet foods |
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Term
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Definition
Saccharin-pink products
Aspartame - more of a protein than carb
Sucralose-splenda, 600 times sweeter |
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Term
| Carbohydrates digestion (enzymes) |
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Definition
| Amylase breaks down starches. Nothing in stomach. Pancreas breaks down, small intestine break down even more. Liver picks up sugar as well as portal vein |
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Term
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Definition
| Goes through liver to portal vein, and then into bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose formation in animals from a noncarbohydrate source, as from proteins or fats |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally high level of glucose in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally low level of glucose in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin dependent, cant form insulin. Type 2 is in adults, not as bad but still take medication for ot |
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