Term
| What organs are involved in maintaining blood pressure? |
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Definition
Heart, Blood Vessels, Kidneys
Supervision of the brain |
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Term
| What are the main factors influencing blood pressure? |
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Definition
Cardiac Output
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume |
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Term
| What is the formula for blood pressure |
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Definition
BP=COxPR
Blood pressure varies directly with CO, PR, and Blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| a cluster of sympathetic neurons in the medulla that oversees changes in blood vessel diameter |
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Term
| How does the vasomotor center maintain blood vessel tone |
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Definition
| It innervates smooth muscles of blood vessels, especially arterioles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vasomotor center plus the cardiac centers that integrate blood pressure control by altering cardiac output and blood vessle diameter. |
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Term
| Cardiac Output is determined by _______ return and _________ and hormonal controls |
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Definition
| Venous return neural and hormonal controls. |
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Term
Resting heart rate is determined by the
What nerve? What part of the brain? |
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Definition
Cardioinhibitory center
Vagus nerve (medulla oblongata) |
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Term
Stroke Volume is controled by
Stroke volume also known as? |
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Definition
Controled by venous return
End diastolic volume |
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Term
| When under stress, what center is activated? |
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Definition
| the cardioacceleratory center |
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Term
| When activated, what does the cardioacceleratory center do? |
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Definition
| Increases heart rate, increase stroke volume, and increase Mean Arterial Pressure |
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Term
| What are 2 systems are involved in the Cardiovascular Center? |
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Definition
| Cardiac Center, Vasomotor Center |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adjust force and rate of heart contraction to meet body needs |
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Term
| Vasomotor Center function? |
|
Definition
| Changes blood vessel diameter to regulate blood pressure |
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Term
| What two things modify vasomotor activity? |
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Definition
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, and H+) |
|
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Term
| Where are baroreceptors located? |
|
Definition
| in carotid sinus, Ascending aorta, and Aortic Arch |
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Term
| Where are Chemoreceptors located? |
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Definition
| in carotid and aortic bodies. |
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Term
| Chemoreceptors monitor what 3 things? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What stimulates the cardioinhibitory center? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the cardioinhibitory center do? |
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Definition
-stimulates increased vessel diameter
-Decreases heart rate, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure. |
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Term
| What stimulates the cardioacceleratory center? |
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Definition
| Declining blood pressure. |
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Term
| What does the cardioacceleratory center do? |
|
Definition
Increase cardiac output
Increase peripheral resistance |
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Term
| Stimulates the vasomotor center to constrict blood vessels |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 2 prominent chemoreceptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the reflexes that regulate BP integrated? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are chemoreceptors sensitive to? |
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Definition
| Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide |
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Term
| What are the higher brain centers that can also Modify BP via relays to meudulla centers |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What 4 chemicals increase blood pressure? |
|
Definition
Adrenal Medulla hormones
Antidiuretic hormone
Angiotensin II
Endothelium derived factors |
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Term
|
Definition
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine (increase) |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low BP (INCREASE BP) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Kidney release of renin; generates angiotensin II which causes VASOCONSTRICTION |
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Term
| Endothelium derived factors |
|
Definition
Endothelin
Prostaglandin derived growth factor
(Vasoconstrictors) |
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Term
| What 4 chemicals decrease BP |
|
Definition
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Nitric Oxide
Inflammatory chemicals
Alchohol |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Natriuretic peptide |
|
Definition
| causes blood volume and pressure to decline |
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Term
|
Definition
| is a brief but potent vasodilator |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Histamine
Prostacyclin
Kinins
Potent vasodilators |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes BP to drop by inhibiting antidiuretic |
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Term
| What is a long term mechanism to control BP |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does increased BP stimulate the kidneys to do? |
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Definition
| Eliminate water thus reducing BP |
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Term
| What does Decreased BP stimulate the kidneys to do? |
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Definition
| Increase blood volume and BP |
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