Term
| What are 4 general characteristics of phylum cnidaria? |
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Definition
1. radial symmetry
2. sessile (polyp or weakly swimming)
3. tissue grade
4. 2 major germ layers (diploblastic) |
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Term
| What are the two major germ layers in cnidaria? |
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Definition
1. ectoderm-epidermis
2. endoderm-gastrodermis |
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Term
| Describe digestion in cnidaria |
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Definition
1. extracellular- gastrovascular cavity
2. intracellular- gastrodermal cells lining cavity
*incomplete digestion |
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Term
| Describe the sensory structures in cnidaria |
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Definition
1. simple nerve network
2. statocysts- equilibrium (gravity)
3. ocelli- light |
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Term
Describe cnidocytes/nematocysts
1. Function
2. Major types |
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Definition
1. a. osmotic pressure built up in cnidocyte
b. triggering opens and water rushes in
c. nematocyst forced out
2. a. barb/toxin
b. grasping
c. adhesives |
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Term
| Describe the nerve net of cnidaria |
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Definition
-no coordination CNS (radial=no head)
-some neurons conduct 2 way
- stimulus spreads from site through organism |
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Term
Describe Hydra
1. General
2. Locomotion
3. Reproduction |
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Definition
1. Fresh water, solitary, polyp form only, stings prey and pulls tentacles in
2. glides, inches, floats
3. budding (asexual) gametes (sexual) |
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Term
Describe Hydroid Colonies
1. Physiology
2. Life Cycle |
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Definition
1. zooids; polyps on a stalk
-hydranth: feeding polyp -gonangium: reproducing polyp
2. a. gonangium bud medusa
b. mature medusa shed gametes and form zygote
c. zygote becomes swimming, ciliated planula
d. planula settles, becomes polyp colony |
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Term
| Describe Floating Colonies |
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Definition
ex. Portuguese Man-O-War
-tentacles= stalks of zooids
-float=sail/nursery |
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Term
Describe Class Scyphozoa
1. General
2. Body Plan
3. Feeding
4. Life Cycle |
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Definition
ex. typical jellyfish
1. both medusa (large) and polyp (small)
2. a. thick mesoglea (jelly) bell/umbrella
b. tentacles, mouth
3. eat plankton when filter feeding, some fish, often house zooxanthellae
4. a. medusa ->gametes -> zygote
b. zygote becomes swimming ciliated planula
c. planula settles becomes polyp
d. polyp becomes strobila, releasing ephyra -> medusa |
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Term
Describe Class Anthozoa
1. General
2. Feeding
3. Symbioses |
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Definition
ex. sea anemones, corals
1. polyp only, marine only, solitary or colonial
2. filter feeding and up to fish
3. anemone fish, algae, ride on hermit crabs |
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Term
Describe Class Anthozoa
1. Locomotion
2. Reproduction
3. Coral |
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Definition
1. glide on pedal disc; some swim by flexing body
2. pedal laceration (asexual) and gametes-> planula
3. a. small colonial polyp secretes calcium carb home
b. filter feed but many depend on algae
c. provides home |
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Term
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Definition
ex. cube jellyfish
-bell cube
-radial symmetry
-weak swimmers, cilia, mouth first
-two sticky tentacles at oral end trap plankton |
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Term
Describe some general characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. Body Cavity
2. Germ layers
3. Symmetry
4. Nervous System |
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Definition
1. Acoelomate- no body cavity; spongy mesoderm
2. Triploblastic (ecto, meso, endo)
3. Bilateral
4. Ladder-like nervous system
a. paired anterior ganglia=primitive brain (CNS)
b. sensory, motor, and interneurons |
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Term
Describe some general characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. Body shape
2. Organ classification
3. Reproductive system
4. Habitat |
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Definition
1. flatted dorsoventrally
2. organ level of organization
3. Monoecious (both sexes)
4. Freshwater, marine, moist soil, endoparasites |
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Term
Describe Class Turbellaria
1. Locomotion
2. Nutrition |
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Definition
1. ventral cilia on slime track and muscle waves
(some marine "swim")
2. a. incomplete system
b. carnivorous
c. ventral pharynx
d. extra and intracellular digestion |
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Term
Describe Class Turbellaria
1. Sensory Organs
2. Reproduction |
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Definition
1. Auricles (ears)= chemicals
Ocelli (eyes)= light
2. a. transverse fission and regeneration
b. monoecious but can cross fertilize |
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Term
| Describe the life cycle of Class Termatoda liver fluke |
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Definition
*parasitic flukes
1. adult in liver bile duct, eggs shed in feces
2. egg eaten by snail, hatch into ciliated larva (miracidium)
3. larva enters snail tissue, becomes sporocyst, producing redia
4. redia produce tailed cercariae
5. Cercariae leave snail, burrows into fish muscle
6. Cercariae encsyt
7. cyst eaten by primary host (humans)
-first secondary host= snail
-second secondary host=fish
8. young migrate back to bile duct and mature |
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Term
| Describe the life cycle of aClass Cestoda beef tapeworm |
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Definition
1. terminal mature proglottids with eggs shed off body from intestine with feces
2. eaten by cattle
3. larvae burrow through intestinal wall, carried to muscle by blood
4. encyst
5. cyst eaten with meat, cyst wall dissolves and worm attaches to intestine and matures |
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Term
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Definition
-no digestive or respiratory system
-long; proglottid segments
-scolex=organ of attachment (suckers, hooks) |
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