Term
| The two types of gametes are __________ and ___________. These each contain ___ pairs of chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ _______ cells are responsible for sperm production in males. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxytocin is responsible for libido regulation. True/False |
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Definition
| False, testosterone is responsbile for libidinal regulation. |
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Term
| Broca's area is located in the ________ Lobe and Wernicke's area is located in the _______ __________ cortex. |
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Definition
| frontal, auditory association |
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Term
| This disorder of reading is characterized by pure word blindness. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a structural change associated with memory (hint: it is what Lashley was looking for). |
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Definition
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Term
| The area of the brain responsible for speech production is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The reading disorder Pure Alexia results in the loss of what ability: |
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Definition
| the ability to read or understand the written word |
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Term
| Which part of the brain may sustain injury during a seizure: |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of sexual development, the Mullerian system is the __________ system and the Wolffian system is the _____________ system. |
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Definition
| FEMINIZING; MASCULINIZING |
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Term
| T/F: The Orbitofrontal Cortex is involved in the expression of emotion, helps us interpret social cues and react to complex situations, and is involved in assessing personal consequences of situations. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the leading cause of MR and autism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure in the brain is responsible for receiving information from senses, sensory cortices, receives information from the hippocampus and mediates the effects of pheremones on reproductive physiology? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: There are a large number of benzodiazepine and opiate receptors in the central nucleus of the amydala. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disorder of development that is characterized by the body's lack of enzymes to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ rule accounts for classical conditioning and reduces learning to a mechanistic perspective. |
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Definition
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Term
| This degenerative disorder has a degeneration in dopamine secreting neurons of substantia nigra that sends axons to the basal ganglia. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the ______ phase of a grand mal seizure the individual is not breathing because the diaphragm is locked and restricted. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Orbitofrontal cortex is involved with _____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to the left occiptal lobe and the corpus callosum may result in the person being able to write but not read. What is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell can only divide a certain number of times. This is absent in cancer cells and is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the rhythm of speech. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the three components to learning. |
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Definition
| intentional, volitional (aka motivational) and comprehension |
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Term
| If a client presents with depression, irritability and poor concentration, what neurological disorder might you keep in the back of your mind as a possible rule out? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between non-fluent and fluent aphasia? |
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Definition
Non-fluent- Difficulty with articulation
Fluent- poor speech production |
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Term
| Fragile X syndrome is more common in ________and Turner's syndrome is more common in_______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person with phonological dysgraphia _____________ and a person with orthographic dysgraphia ____________. |
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Definition
| can’t write unfamiliar words or can’t ‘sound it out’; has problems spelling irregular words or can only ‘sound it out’ |
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Term
| What is the “evil cousin” of testosterone that is responsible for hair loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| In ___________ humor lies in the amygdala where as in ____________ it lies in the frontal lobe. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolactin is secreted by the _________ ________ _____, and oxytocin is secreted by the _________ _________ ________ . |
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Definition
| anterior pituitary gland; posterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| T/F Generalized seisures without exception are complex seisures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter plays an inhibitory role in aggression? |
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Definition
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Term
| In aversive learning, ______________ stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, which stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenalin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which area in the brain is responsible for dopamine activities and reinforcement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Through the _____ week of development, the external sex organs of embryos are identical. |
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Definition
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Term
| These 2 neurotransmitters facilitate the transition of information from short term to long term memory. Hint, the are catecholamines. |
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Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
| A tumor that arises from a Schwann cell is called a _____ . |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Anabolic steroids are used for muscle building, while Androgenic steroids simply increase masculine characteristics. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common traits of "Super Males", who have an XYY chromosome variant? |
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Definition
| hyper-masculine, overly aggressive, often end up incarcerated |
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Term
| What is the relationship between amygdalar activity and introversion? |
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Definition
| introverts have increased amygdalar activity, increased overall anxiety/fear |
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Term
| ____________ amnesia involves not being able to remember events prior to brain damage, and amnesia involves not being able to remember events following brain damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ is involved in conditioned emotional response and aversive emotional learning. |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) When a person is having a seizure, it is important to put something in their mouth in order to reduce the risk of swallowing/choking on their tongue. |
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Definition
| FALSE! They might chomp down on the object and swallow/choke on that! |
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Term
| A major difference between a benign tumor and a malign tumor is whether the mass of tumor cells is ________ or ________ which means ______________. |
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Definition
| infiltrated; encapsulated; if there is a distinct border between the mass of tumor cells and the surrounding tissue or if there is not one |
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Term
| Excessive phenylalanine interferes with __________. |
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Definition
| myelination of neurons in the CNS |
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Term
| A research study on gifted children found that these children ____________________. |
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Definition
| had greater connectivity of both hemispheres. |
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Term
| Two forms of acquired dyslexia are _________________ and __________________. |
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Definition
| surface dyslexia; phonological dyslexia |
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Term
| The ________ effect is demonstrated when female mice stop ovulating when no male mice are around. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone increases in the anticipation of sexual activity and is correlated with libido? |
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Definition
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Term
| You would not be able to recognize disgust if your ___________ was damaged. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the neurotransmitter responsible for reinforcement in operant conditioning, ______ is the neurotransmitter associated with aversive learning. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Memories can be recalled as they originally occured if proper care is taken to preserve them. |
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Definition
| False-everytime you access a memory, you are reshaping it |
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Term
| An engram is a _____________ _________ of a memory. |
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Definition
| structural representation |
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Term
| Where can the greatest concentration of dopamenergic activity be found? |
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Definition
| in the nucleus accumbens. |
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Term
| Name 3 characteristics of girls with Turner’s Syndrome. |
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Definition
| They are short (4’8”), webbed neck, shield chest, underdeveloped breasts; nipples that are far apart; rudimentary ovaries, brown nevi. |
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Term
| What hormone is released during orgasms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 structures does the amygdala send information out to? |
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Definition
| Medulla, hypothalumus, midbrain, pons. |
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Term
| What are the three response patterns used to understand emotions? |
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Definition
| behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal |
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Term
| What are the two types of strokes that a person can have? |
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Definition
| Hemorrhagic or Obstructive |
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Term
| ________'s aphasia is fluent and unlabored; the person does not strain to articulate words and does not appear to be searching for them. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrom is a severe ________ amnesia. |
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Definition
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Term
| People with Turner's syndrome have only one ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ ______ theory of emotion proposes that situations elicit physiological responses and then we label these responses feelings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two short-term treatments for Parkinson's are ______ and _______. |
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Definition
| L-dopa (b/c can cross BBB) and Deprenyl |
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Term
| When the Amygdala is destroyed in animals, what are two potential outcomes? |
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Definition
| no longer show fear, less likely to develop ulcers, lower stress hormone levels in blood stream |
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Term
| True or false: Hypothalamic Stimulation produces 'report' of feeling afraid. |
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Definition
| FALSE-it produces physiological fear, while stimulating the amygdala would produce the feeling of fear. |
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Term
| Which cortical area is excited/inhibited by the actions of the amygdala and hypothalamus and has been associated with aggression? |
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Definition
| Periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) |
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Term
| The vomeronasal organ is a sensory organ that mediates the effect of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a chemical released by an animal that directly affects the physiology or behavior of another animal; It is usually smelled or tasted. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a type of seizure disorder often seen in children that is characterized by periods of inattention and may be misdiagnosed as ADD. |
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Definition
| Absence or petit mal seizure |
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Term
| When one thinks about reinforcement, what neurotransmitter is principally released in a reinforcement system? |
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Definition
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Term
| List three problems of long term memory loss. |
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Definition
| deterioration of pathways and neurons, decreased ACh, brittle membranes, poor conductivity |
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Term
| What happens to a male with hyperprolactinemia? |
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Definition
| He has too much prolactin, leading to no sexual desire. |
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Term
| Who developed the “ice pick” frontal lobotomy and won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it? |
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Definition
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Term
| The length of ____________ are related to education. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parkinsons is a result of the degeneration of _________ neurons in the Substantia Nigra to Basal Ganglia pathway. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prescribing clot reducing drugs is useful for treating ________ CVA's but can be lethal for ________ CVA's. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____-____ phase of a grand mal seizure is characterized by approximately 15 minutes of sleep. |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain system is most damaged by chronic methamphetamine use? |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to an adaptive advantage, stimulation of the _______ circuit can inhibit the ______ circuit. |
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Definition
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Term
| Remembering an event involves the use of __________ memory, while learning a new skill or recalling how to complete a task involves the use of ___________ memory. |
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Definition
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Term
| A memory of facts and general information is known as __________ memory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pure alexia is the loss of the ability to ________ without loss of the ability to _______; produced by brain damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| The principal androgren found in males is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wernicke’s Aphasia is also known as _________________, while Broca’s aphasia is also known as _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bleeding into the brain is known as ______________ and the obstruction of blood flow is known as _________________ |
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Definition
| Hemorrhagic and Obstructive |
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Term
| Early exposure (in utero) to androgens decreases/increases the amount of testosterone needed to activate aggressive behavior later in life? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ _______ is involved in "display rules" of emotion, for example, when it is okay to cry. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter serves to inhibit aggression and its levels can be used to predict mortality in Rhesus monkeys? |
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Definition
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Term
| This neurotransmitter is so reinforcing that mice will stay at the lever (which releases the neurotransmitter), disregarding basic functions such as grooming, feeding, sleeping, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is called a(n) __________ tremor, as it goes away with an intentional motor movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of stroke is most associated with a brain injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of cell does not have a hayflick limit, therefore continuing to divide. |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to _____________ can mimic the damage done to Broca's area and surrounding white matter. |
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Definition
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Term
| The periventricular system or the "punishment" circuit involves the following brain areas: _______________, _________________, and ___________________. |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, thalamus and periaqueductal grey matter |
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Term
| The Mullerian system will "dominate" if anti-Mullerian hormones don't initiate ___________ & _____________ processes. |
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Definition
| defeminization, masculinization |
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Term
| True or False: OEA has been proven to promote memory retention and suppress hunger in people. |
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Definition
| False - results have only been confirmed in studies performed on rats, not humans |
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