Term
| What are the main differences between Analog and Digital audio? |
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Definition
Analog- smooth, continuous variation in air pressure
- infinitely variable, with innumerable points between any two points
Digital- discrete measurements of air pressure
- computers and other digital devices must deal with numbers |
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Term
Define:
Sample Rate
Quantization |
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Definition
Sample Rate- Number of amplitude "snapshots" per second
Quantization- the measurement of amplitude
- each measurement must be rounded to the nearest quantization interval
- rounding = errors |
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Term
Define:
Quantization Error
At what amplitudes is it most significant? |
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Definition
QE- distortion caused by rounding an amplitude measurement up or down to the nearest quantization interval
QE is less than or = to 1/2 of one quantization interval
QE is more significant at lower intervals
QE is less significant at higher intervals |
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Term
16 bit resolution has how many quantization intervals?
20 bit?
24 bit? |
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Definition
16 bit- 65,536
20 bit- 1,048,576
24 bit- 16,777,216 |
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Term
Theoretical dynamic range for 24 bit audio?
20 bit?
16 bit? |
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Definition
6dB of dynamic range for each bit
24 bit- 144dB
20 bit- 120dB
16 bit- 96dB |
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Term
| What is Maximum Digital Level called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Any recorded numbers above 0dBFS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages of recording at a higher bit depth? |
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Definition
Greater potential dynamic range
Greater effective resolution
Lowers the dynamic level of significant quantization error
Greater headroom before clipping |
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Term
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Definition
Dither- low level noise added to signal to counteract quantization error
Randomizes behavior of LSB
Better than truncation
Better than rounding
Noise is preferable to distortion |
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Term
| To record a 10kHz tone digitally, the sample rate must be...? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many samples per period are there at the Nyquist frequency? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Aliasing- Frequencies not present in the original waveform- caused by disobeying Nyquist
- not enough points to "draw waveform
- also known as foldover
foldover frequency- lower than either the Nyquist frequency or the source frequency |
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Term
| When is the anti-aliasing filter applied? |
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Definition
Used on input
It removes all frequencies above the Nyquist frequency |
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Term
| When is the anti-imaging filter applied? |
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Definition
| Removes high frequencies, only on output |
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Term
| With storage calculation, how do we determine bits per second? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a voice?
Do inactive tracks use voices? |
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Definition
An audio event or a pathway to or from storage
No |
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Term
| Do Pro Tools' Faders change levels recorded to the hard drive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Monitoring latency is the delay between...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Recording mode is "selection-based"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Destructive Record can 'extend' whole-file regions. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| QuickPunch record uses how many voices on a mono track? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does a selection have to be to Loop Record? |
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Definition
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Term
| What modifier key allows you to view all loop recorded takes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can Offline regions still be edited? Processed? |
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Definition
| Offline regions can be edited, they cannot be processed |
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Term
| What would be the minimum length of a fade? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 options are available for linking fades? |
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Definition
Equal Power- 3 dB boost
Equal Gain- linear fade
None- disables linking between the fade-out curve and fade-in curve |
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Term
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Definition
DAE- Digidesign Audio Engine- real-time "operating system" that provides the core functionality required by Pro Tools and other Digidesign products
TDM- Time Division Multiplexing- a technology that employs a networked bus of DSP chips that supply the procesing power for Pro Tools TDM systems |
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Term
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Definition
Bus- an internal audio pathway
Sends- routes a copy of signal to output or bus
Insert- redirects signal to a plug-in or I/O. the entire signal is affected |
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Term
What is a plug-in?
Where can a plug-in be placed? |
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Definition
plug-in- an application in an application
It can be placed on the Inserts |
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Term
| Can a track's format be changed after created? Output format? |
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Definition
| The track's format cannot be changed, but the output format can be changed. |
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Term
| Do Aux tracks and Master faders handle audio? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mixer window versus actual signal flow. Are they different? How? |
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Definition
| Pro Tools doesn't show true signal flow. |
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Term
| How much of a signal does an Insert affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the difference between Dynamics and Time-based Processing and Routing? |
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Definition
Dynamics is placed directly on the track's insert and affects 100% of the track's signal.
Time-Based is put on an Aux input's insert that has a copy of the signal. |
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Term
| Why is Cue Mix routing different than routing to an internal effect? |
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Definition
| The Cue Mix is sent out of the program to a Cue Box. |
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Term
| What is the target button within a plug-in? |
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Definition
| It allows multiple plug-in windows to be viewed at once. |
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Term
| How are Plug-ins moved and copied? |
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Definition
| Drag from insert to insert to move plug-ins or Option+drag in order to copy. |
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Term
| What are all the functions of Bounce to Disk? |
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Definition
Bounce a single output or bus
Bounce a selection
Bounces only in real time- so you can include external effects
Choose destination bit depth and sample rate |
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